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821.
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Adam Seligman 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》1990,4(2):159-179
The research for this paper was made possible in large part by a grant from the Jerusalem Center for Anthropological Studies. I would like to express here my appreciation to S. N. Eisenstadt for his invaluable suggestions and comments on an earlier draft of this paper. 相似文献
824.
Sharon Silber Eric Hermann Melinda Henderson Adam Lehman 《Journal of family violence》1993,8(1):27-38
Behaviors of influence and response during a conflict negotiation task were examined in eight physically child abusing, substance abusing families in which the father was the primary abuser and eight demographically matched nonabusing families. Abusing fathers displayed more coercive patterns of influencing behavior and more negative patterns of response to other family members, including both mothers and children. Fewer differences were observed between mothers in the abusing and nonabusing families or in the children's behavior; however, mothers in the abusing families criticized their husbands more and abused children exhibited less agreement and more criticism toward their fathers. In support of Patterson's theory, abusing families exhibited relatively more reciprocated sequences of criticism and relatively fewer reciprocated sequences of agreement as compared to nonabusing families. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding interaction in child abusing families. 相似文献
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The mobility of university inventors in Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
829.
Roger Svensson 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2007,32(5):545-559
In recent years, development agencies (DAs) have focused their activities on consulting projects rather than on financing
turnkey projects when assisting emerging markets. The main reason is that the implementation of consulting projects is likely
to be connected with an intensive knowledge transfer from developed to emerging markets. Training of local employees and cooperation
with local firms are necessary elements to make the transfer effective. The empirical statistics shows training and cooperation
to be more frequent in consulting projects financed by DAs as compared to commercial projects. According to theory and experience,
training should be included in projects in the least developed host countries, whereas local cooperation should be more frequent,
the higher is the development level of the host country. However, DAs do not follow these rules of thumb in a convincing way.
A policy implication of the paper is therefore that DAs should better organize and plan the contents of their consulting projects.
相似文献
Roger SvenssonEmail: |
830.
Several recent studies show European university scientists contributing far more frequently to company-owned patented inventions
than they do to patents owned by universities or by the academic scientists themselves. Recognising the significance of this
channel for direct commercialisation of European academic research makes it important to understand its response to current
Bayh-Dole inspired reforms of university patenting rights. This paper studies the contribution from university scientists
to inventions patented by dedicated biotech firms (DBFs) specialised in drug discovery in Denmark and Sweden, which in this
respect share a number of structural and historic characteristics. It examines effects of the Danish Law on University Patenting
(LUP) effective January 2000, which transferred to the employer university rights to patents on inventions made by Danish
university scientists alone or as participants in collaborative research with industry. Sweden so far has left property rights
with academic scientists, as they also were in Denmark prior to the reform. Consequently, comparison of Danish and Swedish
research collaboration before and after LUP offers a quasi-controlled experiment, bringing out effects on joint research of
university IPR reform. In original data on all 3,640 inventor contributions behind the 1,087 patents filed by Danish and Swedish
DBFs 1990–2004, Difference-in-Difference regressions uncover notable LUP-induced effects in the form of significant reductions
in contributions from Danish domestic academic inventors, combined with a simultaneous substitutive increase of non-Danish
academic inventors. A moderate increase in academic inventions channelled into university owned-patents does appear after
LUP. But the larger part of the inventive potential of academia, previously mobilised into company-owned patents, seems to
have been rendered inactive as a result of the reform. As a likely explanation of these effects the paper suggests that exploratory
research, the typical target of joint university-DBF projects in drug discovery, fits poorly into LUP’s requirement for ex
ante allocation of IPR. The Pre-LUP convention of IPR allocated to the industrial partner in return for research funding and
publication rights to the academic partner may have offered more effective contracting for this type of research. There are
indications that LUP, outside the exploratory agenda of drug discovery, offers a more productive framework for inventions
requiring less complicated and uncertain post-discovery R&D.
相似文献
Finn ValentinEmail: |