政府执法方式变革:建立和完善“官告民”制度

政府监管和法院诉讼都是社会控制的重要方式。放松政府监管不仅意味着给社会更多的自主和公民更多的自由,还意味着以新的社会控制方式替代传统的社会监管方式,意味着强调法院在社会控制中的地位和作用。政府通过诉讼实现执法从而实施对社会的控制,是政府监管与法院诉讼两种社会控制方式的结合,这标志着政府执法方式的一个重要的改革取向。建立和完善"官告民"制度,在"官告民"机制中政府行使的诉权实际上就是政府对违法行为的指控权,这不仅意味着行政 司法的新的法律实施机制的确立,意味着行政法律关系与行政诉讼法律关系的结合,还意味着社会控制方式的重大变革。     

Umwelt-, Naturschutz- und Jagdrecht – Eine kompetenzrechtliche Betrachtung im Lichte der Föderalismusdebatte

Trotz des Scheiterns der F?deralismuskommission bleibt die Aufgabe einer Reform des deutschen F?deralismus bestehen. Die nach kontroverser Diskussion in den letzten Monaten abgeebbte Debatte um M?glichkeiten und Grenzen einer kompetenziellen Neuordnung insbesondere der Bereiche Umweltschutz, Naturschutz und Jagdwesen hat sich somit nicht erledigt, sondern wird bei der sich politisch abzeichnenden Wiederaufnahme der Verhandlungen zu einer F?deralismusreform fortzuführen sein. Dies bietet Anlass zu einer Analyse der einzelnen Positionen und Argumente. Nüchtern betrachtet l?sst sich dabei als Ergebnis empfehlen, eine einheitliche Umweltrechtskompetenz (einschlie?lich Artenschutzrecht) zu schaffen, die Rahmengesetzgebung allgemein abzuschaffen und das Jagdwesen allein den L?ndern zu überantworten.     

Challenges and Strategy Choices for China's Human Rights Development in the New Period

China＇s reforms have entered a new historical period. We need to carefully analyze the new challenges posed by the new historical stage to China＇s human rights development, in that it enables us to have a more clear view of our tasks and problems and make proper adjustment and improvement on China＇s human rights development strategies in accordance with environment.     

Social problem solving,anxiety, and depression in adult male prisoners

Objectives. Social problem‐solving ability has been identified as a significant mediator between stressful life‐events and psychological distress in community samples. This study examined the relationships between social problem solving, anxiety, and depression in adult male prisoners. The hypothesis was that a negative problem orientation (NPO) would be the strongest predictor of anxiety and depression. Methods. Participants (N=68) completed the Social Problem‐Solving Inventory–Revised: Short Version (SPSI‐R:S) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results. NPO was found to be the sole predictor of anxiety and depression. Conclusion. NPO includes feelings of nervousness, threat, and fear in response to problems. In a prison setting, this may serve to protect the individual against conflict with and abuse by dominant others. However, high levels of fear and anxiety may be disabling both for coping with imprisonment and for effective participation in rehabilitation programmes. While this raises issues regarding prison cultures and the damage imprisonment may cause to individuals, it also indicates that interventions to assist some prisoners to cope are required.     

Community sustainable-development indicators: a useful participatory technique or another dead end?

This article undertakes a critical re-evaluation of a DFID-funded project in South Africa which ran between 1998 and 2001. The evaluation sought to test whether the development of community-led indicators would improve governance. Since the project ended, a series of papers have been published that are critical of such participatory methods, arguing particularly that they are apolitical and adopt a technocratic approach. In the light of these criticisms, this article re-assesses the DFID project, following on from the initial evaluation carried out by the author in 2001. Sobantu, a black township in Pietermaritzburg, was one of the original project sites. It was chosen as the subject for research because the local implementing agency was a politically astute, well-connected institution that understood the political nature of the process required to develop the indicators. Although the project achieved some positive outcomes, the long-term commitment to the indicators has since been compromised. This was in large part due to the inability of community members to engage meaningfully with key municipal service providers. However, recent changes to the South African planning regime might provide opportunities for the indicators to become more useful again.     

国内政治与东盟一体化进程

自东盟成立至今,尽管一体化有所进展,但步履艰难。其原因之一是成员国内部复杂的政治环境。脆弱的国内政治生态及敏感复杂的国内政治问题导致东盟成员国在主观上不愿建立一种以让渡主权为特征的超国家权力机构,客观上不能提供一体化进程所需要的强有力的核心推动力量,致使东盟内部分化加剧;统治集团的私利、不成熟的民主制度所导致的政治动荡都让东盟一体化进程面临重重障碍。     

论我国农业保护的制度安排及政策选择

农业是个弱质产业,其特点是投资大、回收期长、风险高,具有特殊的食物安全及生态保护等多样化功能,这些特点和功能为农业保护提供了理论依据,而对农业实施保护是国际惯例。我国长期以来对农业实施的是负保护,导致了"三农"问题的深层次矛盾。必须通过合理的制度安排和政策选择,消除二元经济结构,解决好"三农"问题。现阶段,我国对农业的保护方面尚有许多可利用的空间,应该加大投入力度,积极调动和整合社会资源,力求形成政策合力,使其发挥最大效用,实现农业持续稳定发展的目标。     

全球化时代的知识产权犯罪及其防治

当今世界许多国家都在采取不断修订国内知识产权法和制定合适的知识产权保护政策等手段,以适应国际经济发展以及国际竞争的需要。本文分析了我国知识产权犯罪的现状和特点,并从知识产权自身的特点、我国的知识产权制度、经济、文化和法制等方面对我国的知识产权犯罪原因进行剖析,在此基础上提出我国知识产权犯罪的防治措施。     

国债、国债规模及其管理:研究综述

近三十年来,宏观管理国债规模的研究,呈现出行政学和公共经济学交融的新趋势。本研究将重点关注政府宏观管理体制下,国债规模管理与预算赤字、国家税收和政府支出等关键变量的联系。文章梳理了宏观管理国债规模的主要研究进展,并分析了既有研究的内在联系及可能存在的研究空间。研究认为,在目前我国政府行政体制改革全面推进和经济高速发展的大环境下,政府运用好国债工具是保证经济持续稳定增长、促进社会和谐发展的主要经济手段,同时也是政府经济执政能力提高的重要标志。