全文获取类型
收费全文 | 990篇 |
免费 | 39篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 63篇 |
工人农民 | 30篇 |
世界政治 | 79篇 |
外交国际关系 | 84篇 |
法律 | 441篇 |
中国政治 | 5篇 |
政治理论 | 317篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 27篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 158篇 |
2012年 | 20篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 25篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 36篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 31篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1029条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
931.
Assessing Sexual Coercion: Survey Wording Differences and the Victimization-Perpetration Discrepancy
The current study examined the impact of item wording on self-reported sexual assault perpetration and victimization rates. The Sexual Experiences Survey (SES; Koss et al. in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 162–170, 1987) is a self-report assessment of female sexual victimization and male sexual perpetration. Studies using the SES consistently report a marked discrepancy between victimization rates and perpetration rates. The wording of the SES items asks respondents to report whether experiences occurred in the absence of female want. It was hypothesized that modified items, which did not require an analysis of female want, would yield increased male response rates compared to the original SES, but that female rates would be equivalent across versions. Parallel male and female SES items, for coercive sexual contact and intercourse, were compared with modified items. Analyses of the data confirmed the hypothesis that modified items yielded increased reports for males in the contact and intercourse conditions. Female response rates on modified items were increased in the contact condition, but not the intercourse condition. Implications of these findings were discussed. 相似文献
932.
Police officers on the ground, as well as their senior officers, generally accept the view that arresting prostitutes and
their clients is simply not as important as arresting many other types of ‘offenders’. Police officer preferences and priorities
will differ such that the discretion applied to the enforcement of paid sex market related offences varies across locations.
Motivated by increasing policymaker interest in considering demand-side policies, a simple model is developed to help analyse
how clients will be likely to respond to enforcement level differences across jurisdictions. A range of policy implications
that arise are also identified and discussed. 相似文献
933.
In this paper we use a size and industry matched sample of over 1,900 UK and US businesses for the period 2004–05 in the manufacturing
and business services sectors to analyse the relative “strength” of the university–industry ecosystems in which these firms
operate in the two economies. Our analysis shows that in both countries universities per se play a quantitatively smaller
role as a source of knowledge for business innovation than either the business sector itself or a variety of organisations
intermediating between the university and business sectors. Our analysis reveals a much more diffuse university–industry ecosystem
in the UK in which a higher proportion of businesses claim links external to themselves in their pursuit of knowledge for
innovation and a higher proportion report directly connecting with universities. US firms are more likely to access knowledge
through a combination of business and intermediary sources and are less likely to have established formal collaborative or
partnership agreements in the 3 years prior to the survey. We also find, however, that a higher proportion of US firms place
a very high value on the connections they have with universities and are much more likely to commit resources to support such
innovation related university interactions. A similar pattern of diffuse but weaker links characterise the supply of public
sector financial assistance for innovation in our sample firms. UK firms are more likely to be in receipt of assistance, but
receive far less per firm in absolute terms and relative to their R&D expenditures. It appears that the UK university–industry
ecosystem is characterised by a greater width than quality of interaction. 相似文献
934.
Esther J. Lee Ph.D. Jennifer G. Luedtke M.A. Jamie L. Allison M.A. Carolyn E. Arber M.S. D. Andrew Merriwether Ph.D. Dawnie Wolfe Steadman Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(4):1032-1038
Abstract: Forensic anthropologists routinely macerate human bone for the purposes of identity and trauma analysis, but the heat and chemical treatments used can destroy genetic evidence. As a follow‐up to a previous study on nuclear DNA recovery that used pig ribs, this study utilizes human skeletal remains treated with various bone maceration techniques for nuclear DNA amplification using the standard Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) markers. DNA was extracted from 18 samples of human lower leg bones subjected to nine chemical and heat maceration techniques. Genotyping was carried out using the AmpF?STR® COfiler® and AmpF?STR® Profiler Plus® ID kits. Results showed that heat treatments via microwave or Biz/Na2CO3 in sub‐boiling water efficiently macerate bone and produce amplifiable nuclear DNA for genetic analysis. Long‐term use of chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide is discouraged as it results in poor bone quality and has deleterious effects on DNA amplification. 相似文献
935.
Marianna Shvartsbeyn M.D. Daniel G. K. Phillips M.D. Michael A. Markey M.D. Alan Morrison M.D. Joyce L. DeJong M.D. Rudy J. Castellani M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(5):1389-1392
Abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a well‐recognized complication of recreational cocaine use. The precise mechanism of the cocaine‐induced hemorrhagic event is unclear, although multiple factors have been implicated. We report a case of a 62‐year‐old woman who suffered left parieto‐occipital ICH with herniation and death, following a cocaine binge. Microscopic examination also revealed extensive cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the vicinity of the hemorrhage. We additionally studied brain tissue in eight subjects between ages of 60 and 80 who were positive for cocaine metabolites at autopsy; of these, none had vascular amyloid‐β deposits by immunohistochemistry. Whereas we found no evidence that chronic cocaine use is a risk factor for CAA, given the age‐associated nature of CAA and the aging population using cocaine, CAA‐induced hemorrhage in the setting of cocaine use may be more common than recognized. This is the first reported case of CAA‐associated ICH precipitated by cocaine. 相似文献
936.
The Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR), assembled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), have for many years represented
the most valuable source of information on the patterns and trends in murder and non-negligent manslaughter. Despite their
widespread use by researchers and policy makers alike, these data are not completely without their limitations, the most important
of which involves missing or incomplete incident reports. In this analysis, we develop methods for addressing missing data
in the 1976–2005 SHR cumulative file, related to both non-reports (unit missingness) and incomplete reports (item missingness).
For incomplete case data (that is, missing characteristics on victims, offenders or incidents), we implement a multiple imputation
(MI) approach based on a log-linear model for incomplete multivariate categorical data. Then, to adjust for unit missingness,
we adopt a weighting scheme linked to FBI annual estimates of homicide counts by state and National Center for Health Statistics
mortality data on decedent characteristics in coroners’ reports for deaths classified as homicide. The result is a fully-imputed
SHR database for 1976–2005. This paper examines the effects of MI and case weighting on victim/offender/incident characteristics,
including standard errors of parameter estimates resulting from imputation uncertainty.
相似文献
Marc L. SwattEmail: |
937.
Ellis L Widmayer A Palmer CT 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2009,53(4):454-463
Among a sample of college students, roughly 30% of the women and 12% of the men reported having been the victim of a sexual assault sometime in their lives. Of the assault victims, approximately 23% of both sexes stated that they had sexual intercourse with their assaulters on at least one subsequent occasion. Female victims of a completed sexual assault were significantly more likely to continue being sexually active with their assailants than were female victims who managed to block the assault, while no such difference was found for male victims. This would imply that some men are using assaultive tactics to secure sex partners beyond a single sexual episode, thereby enhancing their potential reproductive success in evolutionary terms. Also, men who committed sexual assault reported having had more lifetime sex partners than did sexually experienced men with no sexual assault history. Overall, the idea that sexual assault is part of an evolved reproductive strategy is consistent with findings from this study. 相似文献
938.
This article develops a novel theory by which to construe theinteraction between the patent and antitrust laws. The rulesof these respective disciplines are often portrayed as conflictingin means, yet harmonious in purpose. Although the intellectualproperty and antitrust laws have ostensibly divergent viewson the role of competition, their interaction is typically limitedto one of constraint. More specifically, antitrust rules havebeen (poorly) designed to limit the exclusivity inherent ina patent grant to the claimed invention alone. This article,however, articulates a new vision for the role of antitrust:it posits that competition rules operate as a stochastic regulatorof exclusionary patent rights. The Sherman Act constrains patentees'efforts to positively transform the probabilistic nature oftheir intellectual property rights through contract. Yet, becausethe empirical calculation of optimal innovation rates is anelusive, if not Sisyphean, task, the normative desirabilityof the foregoing fact is abstruse. Nevertheless, policymakers'inability to pinpoint precisely the ex post rewards requiredto trigger ideal levels of ex ante investment need not bindour hands to inaction. If contemporary rates of innovation aredeemed acceptable (even if not necessarily perfect), there maybe ways to trigger equivalent levels of ex ante investment withlower social cost. In this regard, it is clear that currentlyenacted competition rules significantly accentuate the uncertaintysurrounding patents' apotropaic effect. Concluding that contractssecuring otherwise stochastic rights may be highly desirable,the article calls for the incorporation of this concern intocontemporary rules, with modest substantive effect, and furtheradvocates a qualified antitrust immunity for "gold-plated" patentsif and when they are introduced. 相似文献
939.
940.
Since 2003, state legislatures in the United States have been active in passing legislation aimed at combating human trafficking. To date, all states have passed laws that criminalize acts of human trafficking, though with significant variation in the penalty structure and associated legal provisions. This article examines what aspects of state human trafficking laws are most impactful at increasing the arrest and prosecution of human trafficking suspects. Using panel data on state laws and associated enforcement actions from 2003 to 2012, this study confirms that more comprehensive state laws that invest in antitrafficking resources are most strongly associated with human trafficking arrests and prosecutions. States that make legislative provisions for victim assistance, law enforcement training, statutory task forces, and mandatory reporting have higher antitrafficking criminal enforcement. The political environment in which state human trafficking laws are enacted also influences their enforcement. 相似文献