全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1802篇 |
免费 | 515篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 385篇 |
工人农民 | 54篇 |
世界政治 | 235篇 |
外交国际关系 | 102篇 |
法律 | 791篇 |
中国政治 | 36篇 |
政治理论 | 680篇 |
综合类 | 34篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 33篇 |
2020年 | 42篇 |
2019年 | 162篇 |
2018年 | 98篇 |
2017年 | 148篇 |
2016年 | 158篇 |
2015年 | 143篇 |
2014年 | 133篇 |
2013年 | 559篇 |
2012年 | 98篇 |
2011年 | 100篇 |
2010年 | 116篇 |
2009年 | 48篇 |
2008年 | 72篇 |
2007年 | 40篇 |
2006年 | 42篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2317条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
A Concurrent Analysis of Three Institutions that Transform Health Technology‐Based Ventures: Economic Policy,Capital Investment,and Market Approval
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《政策研究评论》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Drawing on institutional theory, this article articulates qualitative insights from a program of research on Canadian health technology‐based ventures to examine the rules that characterize economic policy, capital investment, and regulatory approval as well as the way these institutions enable and constrain the development of ventures at an early stage. Our findings clarify how economic policy integrates these ventures into the entrepreneurial domain, how capital investment configures them for economic value extraction, and how regulatory approval fully releases their market value. These findings help to revisit current policy modernization initiatives by calling attention to the convergence among the three institutions. Rather than operating solely as a source of constraints, these institutions provide a highly integrated market‐oriented space for health technology‐based entrepreneurial activities to unfold. 相似文献
62.
This article contributes to the growing discourse on the potential of e‐government to transform the operations of public sector institutions, thereby improving public services. It does so by conceptualizing public service quality into efficiency, economy (cost reduction), customer satisfaction, and service accessibility and draws on qualitative data from the Ghanaian narrative for illustration. As previous studies have demonstrated, this study also affirms the potential of e‐government in improving public services delivery by increasing efficiency, reducing the cost of operations, expanding access to services, and achieving customer satisfaction. Yet, there remains a repertoire of challenges such as weak ICT infrastructure especially in towns and villages, incessant power outages and illiteracy, which are drawbacks to fully harnessing the benefits of e‐government in Ghana. The study recommends that these challenges should feature prominently in e‐government policies to increase the chances of solving them. 相似文献
63.
Regulatory reforms to public infrastructure services across European Union (EU) countries were aimed at increasing consumer welfare by introducing competition and choice into service markets. However, empirical evaluations have questioned whether these reforms have benefitted all consumers, suggesting that vulnerable groups of service users (especially those with lower levels of formal education), might be locked into poorly performing services. We assess the relationship between the level of competition in electricity and fixed telephony markets in EU countries and evaluate the affordability of these services for different socio‐educational layers. Our findings show that – although in countries where there is a relatively high frequency of switching, inequalities between socio‐educational groups are smaller and eventually disappear – competition as such does not play a part. These results suggest that demand‐side regulation that successfully enables consumer switching has the potential to equalize social welfare, thereby reflecting a possible convergence of regulatory instruments and the central aims of the welfare state in this context. 相似文献
64.
65.
Responsiveness and accountability constitute the process of democratic representation, reinforcing each other. Responsiveness asks elected representatives to adopt policies ex ante preferred by citizens, while accountability consists of the people's ex post sanctioning of the representatives based on policy outcomes. However, the regulatory literature tends to interpret responsiveness narrowly between a regulator and regulatees: the regulator is responsive to regulatees’ compliance without considering broader public needs and preferences. Democratic regulatory responsiveness requires that the regulator should be responsive to the people, not just regulatees. We address this theoretical gap by pointing out the perils of regulatory capture and advancing John Braithwaite's idea of tripartism as a remedy. We draw out two conditions of democratic regulatory responsiveness from Philip Selznick – comprehensiveness and proactiveness. We then propose overlapping networked responsiveness based on indirect reciprocity among various stakeholders. This mechanism is the key to connecting regulatory responsiveness with accountability. 相似文献
66.
The impact of institutions on the economic vote stands as a well‐established proposition for the advanced democracies of Europe. We know less, however, regarding the institutional effects on the economic vote in the developing democracies of Latin America. Carrying out an analysis of presidential elections in 18 Latin American countries, we offer evidence that the usual Eurocentric conceptualization of the clarity of responsibility is not ideal for understanding the economic vote in this region. There does exist a powerful effect of institutions on the economic vote within Latin American democracies, but one uniquely associated with its presidential regimes and dynamic party systems. Rules for these elections—such as concurrence, term limits, and second‐round voting—suggest that we should reconceptualize the notion of the clarity of responsibility in Latin America, focusing more on individuals in power and their constraints, and less on the political parties from which they hail. 相似文献
67.
AbstractBeyond all the material and economic losses that natural disasters produce, post-disaster environments can alter the social capital of a community by affecting social norms, attitudes, and people’s behaviour. To analyse this issue, we empirically investigate the effect that the aftermath of a disaster can have on trust and reciprocity of people within communities. We do this by comparing outcomes of trust games conducted in earthquake-affected and non-affected rural villages one year after the 2010 Chilean earthquake. Our findings show that while trust levels do not differ across cases, reciprocity is lower in earthquake-affected areas. 相似文献
68.
HESTER M. VAN DE BOVENKAMP MARLEEN DE MUL JULIA G.U. QUARTZ ANNE MARIE J.W.M. WEGGELAAR‐JANSEN ROLAND BAL 《Public administration》2014,92(1):208-223
Since the 1980s, regulated markets and New Public Management have been introduced in the public sector across the world. How they have affected existing governance mechanisms such as self‐regulation and state regulation has remained largely unexplored, however. This article examines the origins and consequences of institutional layering in governing healthcare quality. Dutch health care, where a market‐based system has been introduced, is used as a case study. The results show that this market‐based system did not replace but modified existing institutional arrangements. As a result, hospitals have to deal with the fragmentation of quality demands. Using the concept of institutional layering, this study shows how different arrangements interact. As a consequence, the introduction of a certain policy reform will work out differently in different countries and policy sectors. Our ‘archaeological’ study in this layering can be seen as an example of how such incremental change can be studied in detail. 相似文献
69.
Alberto Fuentes 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2014,49(3):370-401
Between the late 1970s and the 2000s, the Guatemalan sugar industry transitioned from a production model with deplorable labor conditions and low productivity to a highly efficient model with improved conditions. This paper traces the origin and diffusion of this upgraded model to a small team of managers motivated by Elite Solidarism, an interpretation of the Vatican II Catholic Social Doctrine. It suggests that this ideology played the central causal role in this process of industrial transformation, as managers drew upon it to define the specific practices of the new model at one particular mill and then encouraged its diffusion. 相似文献
70.