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211.
Arim RG Tramonte L Shapka JD Dahinten VS Willms JD 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(11):1423-1435
The purpose of this study was to examine both the family antecedents and the outcomes of early puberty, with a particular
focus on factors related to family socioeconomic status (SES). The study employed a comprehensive measurement of pubertal
development and longitudinal data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. The sample (N = 8,440; 49% girls) included four cohorts of children who were followed biennially for 10 years, starting from age 4–11 to
14–21 years. Data were drawn at different years of age from these cohorts of children. Girls whose fathers were unemployed
were more likely to experience early puberty than those whose fathers were employed. For boys, those living with fathers who
had not finished secondary school were more likely to experience early puberty. Early maturing girls tended to engage in smoking
and drinking at an earlier age compared with their peers. These findings provide support for psychosocial acceleration theory
and suggest that different aspects of low family SES may act as a psychosocial stress for early pubertal maturation in boys
versus girls, which may lead to engagement in drinking and smoking at a younger age, at least for girls. 相似文献
212.
Jason B. Whiting Douglas B. Smith Megan Oka Gunnur Karakurt 《Journal of family violence》2012,27(4):313-320
For most intimate partners, safety is an important goal and basic need. How a partner perceives safety has an impact on what
happens in the relationship, and this will in turn affect the responses from the other partner. Lack of safety can provoke
negative emotions and actions which can lead to relationship deterioration and violence. However, little is known about this
process from the insider’s perspective. In this study, constructivist grounded theory methods were used to analyze interviews
from individuals (n = 37) to better understand individual appraisals of relational safety. The results include a theory that illustrates the
process of relational safety and threat. This model articulates how certain relational conditions precede a perception of
safety or threat, which then leads to corresponding actions. Implications of the model include a focus on interaction and
context when assessing for safety and abuse, as well as the importance of self regulation. 相似文献
213.
Evans E Jaffe A Urada D Anglin MD 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2012,56(4):539-556
To explore the effectiveness of court-supervised drug treatment for California parolees, offender characteristics, treatment experiences, and outcomes were examined and contrasted to those of probationers. The analysis used statewide administrative data on 4,507 parolees and 22,701 probationers referred to treatment by Proposition 36 during fiscal year 2006-2007. Compared with probationers, parolee problems were more severe at treatment entry, more were treated in residential settings, treatment retention was shorter, and fewer completed treatment. Regarding outcomes, fewer parolees were successful at treatment discharge and more recidivated over 12-months post admission. Both groups improved in many areas by treatment discharge, but improvements were generally smaller among parolees. Significant interaction effects indicated that parolees benefited from residential care and more treatment days, even after controlling for covariates. Court-supervised drug treatment for parolees can "work;" however, parolees have more frequent and diverse needs, and their outcomes are enhanced by more intensive treatment. Findings suggest methods for optimizing the effectiveness of criminal-justice-supervised programs for treating drug-dependent offenders. 相似文献
214.
Hanby MS Fales J Nangle DW Serwik AK Hedrich UJ 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2012,27(10):1867-1888
By far, most research on the behavior of socially anxious individuals has focused on the "flight" rather than the "fight" response described in the traditional conceptualization of anxiety. More recently, however, there has been some speculation and emerging evidence suggesting that social anxiety and aggression may be related. The present study examined social anxiety as a predictor of dating aggression within a late adolescent sample. Two forms of dating aggression were assessed: physical aggression, such as slapping, use of a weapon, or forced sexual activity, and psychological aggression, such as slamming doors, insulting, or refusing to talk to one's partner. One aspect of social anxiety, Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE), emerged as a significant predictor of male dating aggression, even after controlling for relationship quality. Notably, FNE was most predictive of increased aggression of both types when men also perceived their romantic relationship to be more antagonistic. Despite its demonstrated importance as a contextual variable, however, relationship quality did not mediate the association between FNE and psychological or physical aggression. Implications for prevailing conceptualizations of social anxiety and dating aggression are discussed. 相似文献
215.
Alec Walen 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2012,6(3):383-386
Gideon Yaffe??s ??subjectivism about attempts?? rest on the Transfer Principle: ??If a particular form of conduct is legitimately criminalized, then the attempt to engage in that form of conduct is also legitimately criminalized.?? From the perspective of a moral concern with culpability, this principle seems to get to the heart of the matter: the true essence of what is wrong with attempting to commit a crime. Unfortunately, Yaffe??s argument for the Transfer Principle is based on an equivocation and therefore logically unsound. The moral core of the Principle is still sound, but we can??t tell from Yaffe??s book how far that principle would take us in the criminal law. 相似文献
216.
217.
Adam Douglas Henry 《Public administration》2023,101(2):604-621
Many policy systems are experimenting with collaborative institutions to manage complex policy problems in the face of persistent conflict and scientific uncertainty. Policy networks are central to the theory of why collaborative institutions are effective. While many policy systems naturally become segregated, fragmented, or siloed due to homophily, collaborative institutions are hypothesized to create more integrated systems of organizational collaboration. Collaborative institutions may, therefore, be evaluated by the extent to which they reduce the tendency toward homophily and increase the integration of policy networks. This paper evaluates three collaborative institutions in regional land-use planning and specifies a theory of the program from two prominent frameworks: Institutional Collective Action and the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Results show that three forms of homophily are at work, and that in some cases, collaborative institutions successfully reduce the tendency toward network segregation. 相似文献
218.
219.
Sincerely held beliefs: evidence on how religion in the classroom affects private school enrollments
Public Choice - Schools are one of the ways parents transmit their cultural values. US public education historically promoted Protestantism. We examine two conflicts over classroom religious... 相似文献
220.