Parole: How it is working

This paper presents some relevant information on parole and on several determinate sentencing proposals. Guidelines formulated by the United States Parole Commission demonstrate that release decisions can be structured to (1) enhance equity, (2) facilitate the explanation for decision variance, and (3) expose decision policy to public evaluation and debate. Empirically, parolees have a higher success rate or lower proportion of new convictions than those released in other ways. In contrast, the determinate sentencing proposals merely displace discretion to other areas of the criminal justice system where it is less visible and, hence, less subject to control.     

冷战后日缅关系及日本对缅政策

1988年9月缅甸军政府上台之后,日本于1989年2月对其予以了承认,由此成为西方阵营中最先承认缅甸军政府的国家。日本希望通过与缅甸军政府保持建设性接触的方式,来促使缅甸逐步走向民主化进程。与欧美等国的强硬做法相比较,日本政府强调与缅甸军政府开展对话的重要性。在处理缅甸问题上,日本的政策表现更为稳健、温和。日本还会继续对缅甸采取建设性干预的政策,并在指导缅甸走向市场经济的过程中发挥更大的作用。     

Chinese public administration: misunderstanding and implications

This paper argues that current research works on Chinese public administration are atheoretical or pre-theoretical, that findings generated could not serve as a basis for the development of a general (or medium-range) theory of Chinese public administration or Chinese bureaucratic behavior, and that atheoretical or pre-theoretical research contributes very little to advancement of usable knowledge for problem-solving. The foci of the discussion in this paper are four major fallacies and problems, namely, over-simplification of causes, misformation of concept, stereotyping, and non-usable knowledge. It is concluded that China scholars should be more theoretically rigorous and work with their counterparts in China in order to contribute to theory-building and practical problem-solving.     

论地方联合制定行政规章

随着市场经济的发展和各地横向交流的扩大、地方间共同事务逐步增多,作为以行政区划为空间范围的地方规章已经不适应这种形势,有必要允许地方政府以制定联合规章的方式来解决跨省份的共同性事项。在解决地方间共同事务方面,地方联合规章比行政法规有更多的优势,这是由这些共同事项立法的紧迫性、特色性和试验性所决定的。为此,需要修改相关法律,对地方联合规章的制定主体、制定程序、效力等级等加以明确和规范,并使之成为促进经济发展和解决跨省份共同事项的新型立法形式。     

参与式扶贫开发模式的运行机制及绩效分析——以甘肃省麻安村为例

参与式扶贫开发模式是对传统自上而下扶贫模式的"扬弃"和发展,它以受助者——贫困人口为主体,并在扶贫开发运行机制上赋权于民,充分体现了"相信群众、依靠群众"、"从群众中来到群众中去"的思想理念和工作方法。甘肃省麻安村是这一模式推行较早的试点行政村,并且取得了较为显著的成效,对该村运行机制和绩效分析可获得参与式扶贫开发模式的一般规律和经验,对我国农村扶贫政策趋向具有一定的借鉴意义。     

不对称同盟与韩国的反美主义

韩国与美国之间是一种不对称的军事同盟关系。1953年朝鲜战争结束后,应韩国的强烈要求,美国开始在韩国长期驻军。民主化后,韩国的反美主义日益高涨,直接针对韩美军事关系,出现了要求驻韩美军撤出的呼声。韩国人态度发生转变的根源在于:经济的高速发展和政治的民主化激发了韩国人空前的民族主义,由于美国的军事存在与民族主义相冲突,导致一些韩国国民对韩美不平等关系的不满日益增长。尽管韩美两国也试图对双边关系做出调整,但这种调整未能满足韩国人的心理需求,反而激起了更多的不满。