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101.
Studies of legal mobilization often focus on people who have perceived some wrong, but these studies rarely consider the process that selects them into the pool of potential "mobilizers." Similarly, studies of victimization or targeting rarely go on to consider what people do about the wrong, or why some targets come forward and others remain silent. We here integrate sociolegal, feminist, and criminological theories in a conceptual model that treats experiencing sexual harassment and mobilizing in response as interrelated processes. We then link these two processes by modeling them as jointly determined outcomes and examine their connections using interviews with a subset of our survey respondents. Our results suggest that targets of harassment are selected, in part, because they are least likely to tell others about the experience. We also discuss strategies that workers employ to cope with and confront harassment. We find that traditional formal/informal dichotomies of mobilization responses may not fully account for the range of ways that individuals respond to harassment, and we propose a preliminary typology of responses. 相似文献
102.
Professor R. C. L. Lindsay Jamal K. Mansour Jennifer L. Beaudry Amy‐May Leach Michelle I. Bertrand 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2009,14(1):13-24
Sequential lineups were offered as an alternative to the traditional simultaneous lineup. Sequential lineups reduce incorrect lineup selections; however, the accompanying loss of correct identifications has resulted in controversy regarding adoption of the technique. We discuss the procedure and research relevant to (1) the pattern of results found using sequential versus simultaneous lineups; (2) reasons (theory) for differences in witness responses; (3) two methodological issues; and (4) implications for policy decisions regarding the adoption of sequential lineups. 相似文献
103.
Watson AC Morabito MS Draine J Ottati V 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2008,31(4):359-368
The large numbers of people with mental illness in jails and prisons has fueled policy concern in all domains of the justice system. This includes police practice, where initial decisions to involve persons in the justice system or divert them to mental health services are made. One approach to focus police response in these situations is the implementation of Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT). The CIT model is being implemented widely, with over 400 programs currently operating. While the limited evidence on CIT effectiveness is promising, research on CIT is limited in scope and conceptualization-much of it focusing on officer characteristics and training. In this paper we review the literature on CIT and present a conceptual model of police response to persons with mental illness that accounts for officer, organizational, mental health system and community level factors likely to influence implementation and effectiveness of CIT and other approaches. By moving our conceptualizations and research in this area to new levels of specificity, we may contribute more to effectiveness research on these interventions. 相似文献
104.
Elevated morphine concentrations determined during infant death investigations: artifacts of withdrawal of care 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Abstract: Three cases are reported of elevated postmortem blood morphine concentrations (189–3036 ng/mL) that were observed during the course of death investigations involving three children ranging in age from 1 week to 2 years, all of whom underwent withdrawal of life support. In all three cases, the presence of opiates in postmortem blood was indicated by immunoassay (ELISA) and quantitative confirmatory analysis of free morphine concentrations in postmortem blood was performed by solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the selected ion monitoring mode. While the practice of withdrawing life support from terminally ill patients, with the accompanying administration of narcotics/analgesics has been reported in the medical literature, it has not been adequately described in the forensic literature. The implications of this practice on the forensic toxicological interpretation of morphine findings are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of postmortem morphine concentrations arising directly from administration in conjunction with withdrawal of care in pediatric patients. 相似文献
105.
Calculation of a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of an offence by forward or back-extrapolation, using population average values for ethanol pharmacokinetic parameters or a single estimate of individual specific parameters, ignores the possibility of inter- and intra-subject variability. In order to estimate inter- and intra-subject variability in the elimination rate and absorption rate, BAC was measured over time in 12 male volunteers on 4 occasions. Subjects received 0.44 g kg(-1) body weight of ethanol on the first study day, and 0.70 g kg(-1) body weight on subsequent study days 1, 11 and 12 weeks later, to enable comparisons in variability over short and long time periods and when the same or different doses were administered. Evidence of both inter- and intra-subject variability was found, with inter-subject variability substantially smaller than intra-subject variability when the dose varied. Forensically important differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed within individuals between occasions. These findings could have an important impact on medico-legal issues related to ethanol pharmacokinetics. 相似文献
106.
F. Scott Christopher Jacqueline C. Pflieger Daniel J. Canary Laura K. Guerrero Amy Holtzworth-Munroe 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(2):89-100
We conducted two studies to test the utility of a new strategy for recruiting couples experiencing intimate partner violence.
This new strategy, Targeted Neighborhood Sampling, involves utilizing police reports of family fight calls to target particular areas within a city for recruitment efforts.
Study I compared the efficacy of using this method to recruit a random versus a convenience sample. Results demonstrated that
Targeted Neighborhood Sampling was most effective when recruiting a convenience sample of participants who responded to flyers
left at their residences. Study II used a convenience sample and replicated the findings from Study I. Across the two studies,
40.4% of those who called after receiving a flyer experienced male-to-female partner violence within the past year. In addition,
we combined data across studies and correlated types of violence the couples experienced with variables commonly associated
with abuse. Psychological aggression, physical assault, and injury were all positively associated with reports of demand-withdrawal
and mutual avoidance during conflict, as well as depression and symptoms of post traumatic disorder syndrome. Sexual coercion
was associated with drug abuse. These results demonstrate the utility and validity of Targeted Neighborhood Sampling.
相似文献
F. Scott ChristopherEmail: |
107.
Danielle H. Dallaire David A. Cole Thomas M. Smith Jeffrey A. Ciesla Beth LaGrange Farrah M. Jacquez Ashley Q. Pineda Alanna E. Truss Amy S. Folmer 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(7):830-846
Community, demographic, familial, and personal risk factors of childhood depressive symptoms were examined from an ecological
theoretical approach using hierarchical linear modeling. Individual-level data were collected from an ethnically diverse (73%
African-American) community sample of 197 children and their parents; community-level data were obtained from the U.S. Census
regarding rates of community poverty and unemployment in participants’ neighborhoods. Results indicated that high rates of
community poverty and unemployment, children’s depressive attributional style, and low levels of self-perceived competence
predict children’s depressive symptoms, even after accounting for demographic and familial risk factors, such as parental
education and negative parenting behaviors. The effect of negative parenting behaviors on depressive symptoms was partially
mediated by personal variables like children’s self-perceived competence. Recommendations for future research, intervention
and prevention programs are discussed.
Dr. Danielle H. Dallaire is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at The College of William and Mary. She received her Ph.D. from Temple University in 2003. Her major research interests include children’s social and emotional development and promoting resiliency in children and families in high risk environments, particularly children and families dealing with parental incarceration. Dr. David A. Cole is a Professor in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. He received his Ph.D. from The University of Houston in 1983. His major research interests center around developmental psychopathology in general and childhood depression in particular. Dr. Thomas M. Smith is an Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Education at Vanderbilt University, Peabody College. He received his Ph.D. in 2000 from The Pennsylvania State University. Professor Smith’s current research agenda focuses on the organization of teaching quality, exploring relationships between educational policy (national, state, district, and school level), school organization, teacher commitment, and the quality of classroom instruction. Dr. Jeffrey A. Ciesla is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at Kent State University. He received his Ph.D. from The State University of New York at Buffalo in 2004. His major research interests include the effects of ruminative thought and stressful life events on depressive disorders. Beth LaGrange, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Her current research interests include depression and the development of depressive cognitive style in children and adolescents. Dr. Farrah M. Jacquez is a Postdoctoral fellow in pediatric psychology at the Mailman Center for Child Development at the University of Miami. She received her Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University in 2006. Her major research interests include parenting in the context of poverty and developing community-based interventions for underserved children and families. Ashley Q. Pineda, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University and is currently completing her internship at the Children’s Hospital at Stanford University. Her major research interests include examining the reciprocal relations between parenting behaviors, depressive cognitions, and childhood depression. Alanna E. Truss, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Her major research and clinical interests include developmental factors in internalizing disorders in children and adolescents and the effects of trauma on children and families. Amy S. Folmer is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. She received her B.A. from The University of Texas in 2003. Her major research interests include cognitive developmental factors that influence the applicability of adult cognitive models of depression to children. 相似文献
Danielle H. DallaireEmail: |
Dr. Danielle H. Dallaire is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at The College of William and Mary. She received her Ph.D. from Temple University in 2003. Her major research interests include children’s social and emotional development and promoting resiliency in children and families in high risk environments, particularly children and families dealing with parental incarceration. Dr. David A. Cole is a Professor in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. He received his Ph.D. from The University of Houston in 1983. His major research interests center around developmental psychopathology in general and childhood depression in particular. Dr. Thomas M. Smith is an Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Education at Vanderbilt University, Peabody College. He received his Ph.D. in 2000 from The Pennsylvania State University. Professor Smith’s current research agenda focuses on the organization of teaching quality, exploring relationships between educational policy (national, state, district, and school level), school organization, teacher commitment, and the quality of classroom instruction. Dr. Jeffrey A. Ciesla is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at Kent State University. He received his Ph.D. from The State University of New York at Buffalo in 2004. His major research interests include the effects of ruminative thought and stressful life events on depressive disorders. Beth LaGrange, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Her current research interests include depression and the development of depressive cognitive style in children and adolescents. Dr. Farrah M. Jacquez is a Postdoctoral fellow in pediatric psychology at the Mailman Center for Child Development at the University of Miami. She received her Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University in 2006. Her major research interests include parenting in the context of poverty and developing community-based interventions for underserved children and families. Ashley Q. Pineda, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University and is currently completing her internship at the Children’s Hospital at Stanford University. Her major research interests include examining the reciprocal relations between parenting behaviors, depressive cognitions, and childhood depression. Alanna E. Truss, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Her major research and clinical interests include developmental factors in internalizing disorders in children and adolescents and the effects of trauma on children and families. Amy S. Folmer is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. She received her B.A. from The University of Texas in 2003. Her major research interests include cognitive developmental factors that influence the applicability of adult cognitive models of depression to children. 相似文献
108.
The present study examines how exposure to relational aggression at school is associated with adolescents’ perceptions of,
and participation in, a hostile school environment. Participants were 1,335 African American and European American adolescents
in grades 7 through 12 (52% female, 49% African American). Results indicate that exposure to relational aggression is associated
with several components of adolescents’ perceptions of the school climate. Adolescents exposed to high levels of relational
aggression perceived their school to be less safe, and were less pleased with the general social atmosphere at school. Moreover,
for males, but not females, exposure to relational aggression was associated with carrying a weapon to school. Implications
and suggestions for future research are discussed in terms of working toward safer school environments for adolescents.
Sara Goldstein is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Child Studies at Montclair State University. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from Bowling Green State University. Her major research interests include peer relationships, aggression, and gender. Amy Young is an Assistant Research Scientist at the Institute for Research on Women and Gender at the University of Michigan. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Michigan. Major research interests include gender, sexual assault, substance use, and developmental psychopathology. Carol Boyd is a Professor of Nursing and a Professor of Women’s Studies and is Director of the Institute for Research on women and Gender at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She received her PhD, in Nursing (cognate Anthropology). Her major research interests include gender and substance abuse. 相似文献
Sara E. GoldsteinEmail: |
Sara Goldstein is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Child Studies at Montclair State University. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from Bowling Green State University. Her major research interests include peer relationships, aggression, and gender. Amy Young is an Assistant Research Scientist at the Institute for Research on Women and Gender at the University of Michigan. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Michigan. Major research interests include gender, sexual assault, substance use, and developmental psychopathology. Carol Boyd is a Professor of Nursing and a Professor of Women’s Studies and is Director of the Institute for Research on women and Gender at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She received her PhD, in Nursing (cognate Anthropology). Her major research interests include gender and substance abuse. 相似文献
109.
Research indicates that children are at risk for delinquency if they live in a single-parent family and if they live in areas with high levels of family disruption. Although there is a substantial amount of research on both the individual and aggregate relationships, examining delinquency at either of these two levels alone is not appropriate. Specifically, families do not exist in isolation as individual-level research inherently assumes, and aggregate research is concerned with explaining rates of delinquency as opposed to explaining influences on individual behavior. The current research used data from thirty-five schools, an important adolescent context, to determine the individual- and school-level effects of single-parent families on delinquency. The results from an overdispersed Poisson HLM regression model suggest both individual and aggregate effects, with a potential buffering effect of intact families regardless of any adolescents' specific family structure. 相似文献
110.
Amy V. D'Unger Kenneth C. Land Patricia L. McCall 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2002,18(4):349-375
Applications of latent class analyses to the study of criminal careers have yielded results with implications for criminological theory. Distinct latent classes of individuals within various samples have been identified based upon the similarity of individuals with respect to their rate of offending across the teen and adult years, net of the effects of other regressors. In previous research on samples of males taken from the cities of London and Philadelphia, four and five such categories have been identified respectively, ranging from a group of nonoffenders to a group of chronic offenders. However, the question of whether similar findings hold for females has not been adequately addressed, in part due to the scarcity of longitudinal samples with sizable female populations. Data from the Second Philadelphia Cohort are used to address this and related questions. First, are there latent classes of female offenders? Second, if such categories do exist, how do they compare? Third, how do classes of male and female offenders compare on key measures of criminal careers? Analyses of the samples yield differing numbers of classes for males and females. Gender invariances as well as differences in patterns of offending are also found and are discussed. 相似文献