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Turnout in Canadian national elections declined sharply in the 1990s, especially among young voters. We argue that a prime cause is the parallel decline in electoral competitiveness. We demonstrate this by estimating an encompassing model of turnout, including indicators of party spatial location and riding-level competitiveness embedded in a setup that is sensitive to entering cohorts and the passage of time, broadly in the spirit of Franklin (2004a). Data come from the Canadian Election Studies from 1988 to 2004. In addition to its main conclusions, the analysis generates new questions, especially about how voters derive information about competitiveness and about the relative importance of voters' own reckonings and the strategic allocation of resources and effort by parties. 相似文献
225.
Socioeconomic Context, Social Support, and Adolescent Mental Health: A Multilevel Investigation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Richard G. Wight Amanda L. Botticello Carol S. Aneshensel 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2006,35(1):109-120
This study examined whether the impact of contextual-level socioeconomic disadvantage on adolescent mental health is contingent
upon individual-level perceptions of social support. Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add
Health), a panel survey of a nationally representative United States sample (analytic N=18,417) of students in 7th through 12th grade. Effects of social support and social context on both internalizing problems
(depressive symptoms) and externalizing problems (minor delinquency and violent behavior) are analyzed. Contextual-level socioeconomic
disadvantage is positively associated with depressive symptoms, negatively associated with minor delinquency, and not directly
associated with violent behavior. High perceived support from family, friends, and other adults offsets poor mental health,
but is most protective in areas of low socioeconomic disadvantage. The mental health benefits of perceived social support
are dampened in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, compared to advantaged areas. Results suggest that interventions targeting
only individual- or family-level processes within disadvantaged contexts may be inadequate at stemming psychological distress
among adolescents.
Richard G. Wight, Assistant Research Sociologist, conducts life course mental health research in the UCLA Department of Community
Health Sciences. His work emphasizes the intersection of individual- and contextual-level factors that impact health within
dyads, families, and neighborhoods.
Amanda L. Botticello is a doctoral student in the UCLA Department of Community Health Sciences, where her work addresses the
reciprocal relationships between depressive symptoms and problem drinking among adolescents.
Carol S. Aneshensel is a Professor of Community Health Sciences at UCLA, where she applies principals of social stratification
and life course theory to the analysis of quantitative data to better understand disparities in mental health risks. 相似文献
226.
It was hypothesized, following attribution theory, thatpsychological closeness (such as familiarity, similarity, and physical proximity) to the perpetrators of delinquency would lead to its being explained in terms of external (environmental and situational) factors. In contrast, since being a victim of delinquent acts imbues one with personal relevance it should promote internal (dispositional and personal) explanations. Consistent with these hypotheses, the 15-year-olds in the present study endorsed less individualistic explanations and stressed the social functions of delinquency more than did older subjects in an earlier study (A. Furnham and M. Henderson [1983] Lay Theories of Delinquency,European Journal of Social Psychology, 13: 107–112). Moreover, males, those living closer to the city center, and nonvictims favored external explanations more than did females, those living on the outskirts of the city and in rural areas and victims. It is concluded that social explanations for delinquency are informed both by group membership and by the context and quality of experiences of delinquency.This research was conducted by the second author as a part of her undergraduate dissertation while all three authors were at the Department of Psychology of the Bristol University.He has a Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of Kent at Canterbury, and is currently researching self-awareness and self-presentation in intergroup behavior.She is currently employed by the Inland Revenue.He has a Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of Bristol, and is currently conducting research into social identity and social influence. 相似文献
227.
Bergold Amanda N. Jones Angela M. Dillon Marlee Kind Penrod Steven 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2021,17(3):433-455
Journal of Experimental Criminology - The New Jersey Supreme Court in New Jersey v. Henderson (2011) proposed judicial instructions designed to assist juries in evaluating eyewitness evidence. The... 相似文献
228.
Applying Knowledge of Species‐Typical Scavenging Behavior to the Search and Recovery of Mammalian Skeletal Remains
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Alexandria Young Ph.D. Richard Stillman Ph.D. Martin J. Smith Ph.D. Amanda H. Korstjens Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(2):458-466
Forensic investigations involving animal scavenging of human remains require a physical search of the scene and surrounding areas. However, there is currently no standard procedure in the U.K. for physical searches of scavenged human remains. The Winthrop and grid search methods used by police specialist searchers for scavenged remains were examined through the use of mock red fox (Vulpes vulpes) scatter scenes. Forty‐two police specialist searchers from two different regions within the U.K. were divided between those briefed and not briefed with fox‐typical scavenging information. Briefing searchers with scavenging information significantly affected the recovery of scattered bones (χ2 = 11.45, df = 1, p = 0.001). Searchers briefed with scavenging information were 2.05 times more likely to recover bones. Adaptions to search methods used by searchers were evident on a regional level, such that searchers more accustom to a peri‐urban to rural region recovered a higher percentage of scattered bones (58.33%, n = 84). 相似文献
229.
Whitney Scott Amanda McEvoy Rosalind Garland Elena Bernier Maria Milioto Zina Trost Michael Sullivan 《Psychological injury and law》2016,9(1):6-15
Evidence supports the negative impact of perceived injustice on recovery following injury. However, little is known about sources that contribute to injustice perceptions in this context. Therefore, this study systematically investigated sources of injustice following painful musculoskeletal injury. Following completion of the Injustice Experiences Questionnaire (IEQ) and measures of pain, depression, and disability, participants completed a semi-structured interview to discuss reasons underlying their IEQ responses. On average, the sample was experiencing moderate levels of pain, depression, and disability, and clinically meaningful levels of perceived injustice. Participants frequently identified employers/colleagues, other drivers, insurers, healthcare providers, family, significant others, friends, and society as sources of injustice. Common reasons for identifying these sources included their contribution to the injury, inadequate assessment or treatment of pain, and punitive responses toward participants’ pain expression. Sex- and injury-related differences emerged in the identification of injustice sources. Potential strategies for preventing perceived injustice following painful injury are discussed. 相似文献
230.
Amanda K. Locke M.Sc. ; Gene J. Basara Bio. Sci. Dip. ; P. Mark L. Sandercock Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(2):320-327
Abstract: An evaluation of eight compounds for use as an internal standard in fire debris analysis was conducted. Tests were conducted on tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, n-octylbenzene, 3-phenyltolune, and deuterated compounds toluene-d8, styrene-d8, naphthalene-d8, and diphenyl-d10 to measure the extraction efficiency of each compound in the presence of an interfering volatile compound (carbon disulfide). Other tests were conducted to evaluate whether or not the presence of an ignitable liquid or pyrolysis/combustion products from fire debris would interfere with the identification of these compounds when used as an internal standard. The results showed that while any of the eight compounds could be used as an internal standard in fire debris analysis, the more volatile compounds (toluene-d8, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and styrene-d8) showed better extraction efficiencies at room temperature than when heated to 60°C. Each of the less volatile compounds (naphthalene-d8, diphenyl-d10, n-octylbenzene, and 3-phenyltolune) performed well during extraction at 60°C, while naphthalene-d8 showed better extraction efficiency in the presence of competing volatiles when extracted at room temperature. 相似文献