Mid-Term Misfortune

正Barack obama strives for a sound legacy Predictably,the U.S.Republican Party(GOP)took back the Senate after eight years in a landslide victory during the mid-term congressional election in November.While the GOP is still in control of the House of Representatives,it also gained ground in state governor elections in Illinois,Maryland,Iowa and Colorado—the traditional spheres of influence of the Democrats.     

Law and Its Rhetoric of Violence

This article explores the manner in which politico-legal language makes use of metaphors of violence and destruction in order to describe state/legal functions and actions. It argues that although such use of a militaristic hyperbole is generally regarded as normal and appropriate, it is in fact harmful in the way that it presents complex and specific problems as being simple and abstract. From a semiotic point of view, and using the work of Roland Barthes, law is regarded as a system of signs and ‘combative’ legal language can be seen as ideological manipulation through the technique of so-called second-level signification (myth). Although it is conceded that law, similar to all other interpretive systems, cannot avoid the use of metaphoric language, it is argued that we should resist regarding legal language as neutral and ‘natural’ and that we should rather retain the memory of legal concepts and categories as historical, man-made, and therefore always open to revision.     

Employee Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover and Organizational Performance: Revisiting the Hypothesis from Classical Public Administration

ABSTRACT:

This article examines the effects of voluntary, involuntary, and absolute turnover rates on organizational performance. Adopting human capital and cost-benefit theories, this article posits that voluntary and involuntary turnover would have a linear negative and an inverted U-shaped relationship with organizational performance, respectively, and that an absolute turnover measure can prevent us from revealing the distinct effects of different types of turnover. Using four years of data from Florida school districts, primary findings suggest that involuntary turnover has an inverted U-shaped relationship with organizational performance, first positive and then negative, while the relationship between voluntary turnover and organizational performance remains inconclusive. The findings also suggest that absolute turnover rates can mask the complex and dissimilar impact that various types of turnover have on organizational performance.     

Are the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) justified?

Recent studies provide evidence that the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) might not be justified under a rigorous and innovative framework of cost-benefit analysis. The policy implication is that the GSEs might have finished their historical mission of building the secondary mortgage market, but now with a mature secondary mortgage market, they might not be beneficial any more – maybe it is the time for them to exit.     

道德与法律关系的现代争论

道德和法律是两个最重要的社会规范体系 ,但两者的关系却是哲学界和法律界长期争论不休的问题。有关这一问题的著名理论———托马休斯 -康德模式并未解决这一问题。现代新自然法学派与实证法学派之争又将这一问题再次突显。现实和理论的双重需要都要求我们一方面为道德与法律划定基本界限 ,另一方面对道德与法律关系的有关难题作出细致的分析 ,对有关行为方案作出谨慎的选择。     

马克思和恩格斯笔下的西亚文明

西亚文明在世界文明史中占有重要的地位。马克思和恩格斯在其著作中,论及了西亚传统生产方式的特点、亚述人、闪族人、阿拉伯人、犹太人等族群、西亚在东西交通中的地位和商路的变迁、近代政治实体,以及西亚地区的宗教信仰与教际关系。他们的相关论述具有时代特点,且对我们当前分析与研究现代西亚社会具有指导性的意义。     

西部大开发:平衡协调论的一次伟大尝试

西部大开发的法治保障同样存在着“路径选择”问题，但经济法是西部经济发展的主导法治保障。立足于现代经济法的平衡协调本质，对西部大开发中特殊经济关系的法律调整，应改变过去国家全面强制的方式，坚持国家干预与市场调节相结合的、宏观的、适当的、间接的调控模式，并以此为基点加强西部大开发的经济法治建设。     

中国特色社会主义理论体系哲学基础的立体建构与特性

中国特色社会主义理论体系的哲学基础是多层次构成的有机整体。其中，第一层次，即最根本的层次是马克思主义哲学，它包括辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义。第二层次，即具体原理层次，包括共性与个性相统一原理、社会存在与社会意识的辩证关系原理、实践论、发展观、群众史观等。第三层次，即直接表现层次，这是最外在的层次，主要指解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、以人为本。中国特色社会主义理论体系的哲学基础还具有着鲜明的特性：传承性；先进性；民族性；实践性。     

中东国家经济体制改革与民主政治建设的启迪

从20世纪70年代开始，中东国家先后进行了经济体制改革，取得了一定的成效，但也产生贫富差别扩大等问题。这一波经济体制改革有其合理的一面，但被西方媒体蒙上意识形态的色彩。美国在中东地区推行的民主化改造受挫。一个国家的民主政治建设，需要符合本国的国情，才会有成效。