A molecular genetic approach for species identification of mammals and sex determination of birds in a forensic case of poaching from South Korea

DNA-based analysis was performed using partial mitochondrial cytochrome b genes of five mammalian specimens and Chromo-Helicase-DNA-binding (CHD) genes of five pheasants to determine whether specimens were from illegally hunted animals. Mammalian specimens were identified as being those of horse, roe deer, and cow through gene amplification using cytb981f and cytb981r primer set and sequencing. CHD genes were revealed to be those of three male and two female pheasants through polymerase chain reaction amplification. Because hunting of roe deers and female pheasants is prohibited in Korea, these results provided forensic evidences of illegal wild animal hunting.     

WELFARE STANDARDS, SUBSTANTIVE TESTS, AND EFFICIENCY CONSIDERATIONS IN MERGER POLICY: DEFINING THE EFFICIENCY DEFENSE

For several years already, the efficiency defense (and its incorporationin the law) has been a much debated issue in merger policy.When discussing the introduction of an efficiency defense inmerger control, it is important to define clearly its contentand interpretation. However, different approaches to the conceptof efficiency defense exist in the literature, and it is notalways clear which jurisdictions apply an efficiency defense.Therefore, to improve communication and comparison between jurisdictions,it would be useful to reach agreement on the exact content ofan efficiency defense. This paper proposes to define the efficiencydefense along two dimensions: a conceptual one—relatedto the welfare standard—and a procedural one—relatedto the application of the substantive test. The main conclusionof this paper is that the concept of efficiency defense canonly be appropriately applied under a total welfare standardand if efficiencies can be directly balanced against the anticompetitiveeffects of mergers on a case-by-case basis. Using this definition,only in Canada and Australia (formal review process) would anefficiency defense exist.     

论我国违宪审查制度中的检察权

在违宪审查采取权力机关审查的模式之下,赋予检察机关协助国家最高权力机关行使宪法监督权,既是权力制衡的需要,也有利于解决法律违宪问题得不到真正落实以及宪法制裁措施的制裁性较弱的症结.检察权介入违宪审查,是吸收一般监督理论合理内核后对我国检察权权能的新配置.     

关于社区服务的涵义、功能和现有问题及对策

社区服务为社区成员提供物质生活和精神生活的各种服务,是为满足社区成员多种需求的一项社会福利性和公益性事业.但在当前政府所提供的福利资源不足的情况下,社区服务可以允许有少量经营性的便民利民服务项目.因此,需要重新界定社区服务的涵义,以及社区服务的特征.