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331.
Abraham?CarmeliEmail author Leanne?Atwater Avi?Levi 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2011,36(3):257-274
Knowledge exchange among employees is crucial to organizational effectiveness. Leadership can enhance or detract from employees’
willingness to share knowledge. This study examines how leadership affects knowledge sharing in a knowledge-intensive work
setting. It proposes and tests a model which posits that (1) transformational leadership affects the extent to which employees
identify with their manager; (2) this relational identification, mediated by the quality of LMX (Leader-Member Exchange),
leads to greater identification with the organization and its goals, which in turn results in greater knowledge sharing. The
sample consisted of two hundred and three R&D employees engaged in advanced technological projects. Path analysis results
indicated that there are both direct and indirect (through LMX) relationships between transformational leadership and relational
identification: relational identification promotes organizational identification which, in turn, is positively related to
knowledge sharing. These results highlight the importance of transformational leadership and LMX for promoting relational
and organizational identification, thereby facilitating employee knowledge sharing. 相似文献
332.
333.
Switzerland has experienced extensive institutional reforms at the local level that could influence local debt. These reforms have included municipal mergers, greater inter-communal cooperation, reformed political decision-making mechanisms, and the introduction of new public management measures. Many of these reforms originated at the cantonal level. However, the institutional diversity among Swiss municipalities hardly has diminished. A cross-sectional analysis for the 137 largest Swiss cities and villages in 2004 shows that direct democratic rights and a high degree of fiscal autonomy lead to a lower level of local debt. There is no statistical support for the hypothesis that reforms following the new public management guidelines had an effect on debt levels. 相似文献
334.
Political scientists devote little attention to the attitudinal consequences of Blacks’ disillusionment with racial progress
in America. This oversight undermines our understanding of the antecedents of support for the ideology of Black nationalism.
I hypothesize that disillusionment and linked fate interact to influence Black nationalism: the stronger one’s disillusionment,
the greater her adherence to this ideology, and the weaker the impact of her linked fate on her expression of nationalism.
Analyses of the 1993–1994 National Black Politics Study and the 2004–2005 National Politics Study corroborate these expectations,
indicating that disillusionment moderates the impact of linked fate on Black nationalism. 相似文献
335.
Soares-Vieira JA Billerbeck AE Iwamura ES Zampieri RA Gattás GJ Munoz DR Hallak J Mendonca BB Lucon AM 《Journal of forensic sciences》2007,52(3):664-670
ABSTRACT: The incidence of rape has increased, especially in metropolitan areas, such as the city of São Paulo. In Brazil, studies about it have shown that the majority of this type of crime is committed by the relatives and persons close to the victim. This has made the crime more difficult to be denounced, as only 10% of the cases are reported to competent police authorities. Usually, cytological exams are carried out in sex crime investigations. The difficulty in showing the presence of spermatozoa is frequent, but it does not exclude the presence of male DNA. The absence of spermatozoa in material collected from rape victims can be due to several factors, including the fact that the agressor suffers from azoospermia. This condition can be the result of a successful vasectomy. As the majority of DNA in the ejaculation sample is from spermatozoa, there is much less DNA to be analyzed. This study presents the application of Y‐STRs (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) in DNA analysis of sperm samples from 105 vasectomized men. The study demonstrated a great variation in DNA concentration. DNA extraction and amplification was possible in all sperm samples even in the absence of spermatozoa. The same profile was observed, for each individual, from DNA extracted from blood, pre‐ and postvasectomy semen samples. The use of markers specific for Y chromosome in sex crime cases, especially in the absence of spermatozoa, is very important, mainly because in most situations there is a small quantity of the agressor's DNA in the medium and a large quantity of the victim's DNA. 相似文献
336.
Martin Schr?der 《Natur und Recht》2010,3(4):770-778
Die Europ?ische Union und die Bundesrepublik Deutschland sind hinsichtlich des Anbaus gentechnisch
ver?nderter Organismen (GVO) sehr zurückhaltend, w?hrend au?erhalb Europas die Zahl
der angebauten gentechnisch ver?nderten Kulturpflanzen stetig zunimmt. Die Anwesenheit von GVO, die
nicht zum Anbau zugelassen sind, in Saatgut ist deshalb ein wiederkehrendes Problem mit wachsender Bedeutung.
Der Beitrag analysiert die dazu vorliegende Rechtsprechung der Verwaltungsgerichte und demonstriert am jüngsten
Fall der Saatgutkontamination (NK603-Spuren in Maissaatgut) die Anwendung des differenzierten Regelungssystems
des GenTG, das den Vollzugsbeh?rden anspruchsvolle Ermittlungsund Abw?gungspflichten auferlegt. 相似文献
337.
Antun Ferenčić M.D. Ivan Šoša M.D. Drazen Cuculic M.D. Valter Stemberga M.D. Roger W. Byard M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1168-1170
Although drowning in rainwater tanks is a generally rare phenomenon, this method for suicide has been observed in parts of Croatia. Review of autopsy records at the University of Rijeka, Croatia, was undertaken from 1987 to 2016 to examine this phenomenon. Of 469 drowning deaths, there were 35 suicides in rainwater tanks (7.5%). Overall drowning deaths showed no temporal trends. In contrast, suicidal drownings in rain water tanks showed a marked decline over the years, with 15 cases in 1987–1991, seven in 1992–1996, six in 1997–2001, six in 2002–2006, one in 2007–2011, and none in 2012–2016. Thus, suicidal drowning cases as a percentage of overall drownings dropped from 18% to zero (p<0.001). This study reports a very unusual method of suicide that may have occurred because of the ready availability of large water reservoirs in homes. The recent fall in numbers may relate to less reliance on domestic reservoirs of water. 相似文献
338.
China's ‘win-win’ cooperation: Unpacking the impact of infrastructure-for-resources deals in Africa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ana Cristina Alves 《South African Journal of International Affairs》2013,20(2):207-226
This paper discusses China's use of infrastructure-for-resources loans in Africa as a win–win economic cooperation tool. This formula, offering generous loans for infrastructure in exchange for resource access, came into being largely as a default cooperation tool, inspired by China's own domestic experience, its competitive advantages and Africa's receptivity to this kind of barter deal. Embodying the principle of mutual benefit, China has consistently combined the extension of financial assistance for infrastructure construction in Africa with the expansion of Chinese business interests and the pursuit of resource security goals. The analysis focuses on whether this instrument is actually promoting African development or fuelling instead China's economic growth at the expense of African economies. The author argues that the impact has been mixed. Although there are some meaningful positive signs, many challenges persist, and as such the long-term developmental impact of this particular tool remains uncertain. The responsibility to ensure a positive outcome rests, however, on the African side as much as on China. 相似文献
339.
Marko Divac ?berg 《Criminal Law Forum》2013,24(1):113-144
International criminal trials are usually very complex, lengthy and heavy on evidence. This complicates the Trial Chamber’s fact finding task and hampers its ability to issue a reasoned written judgment without undue delay. The present article examines the specific challenges of drafting an international criminal trial judgment, with the main focus being on mastering the huge amounts of evidence. It further provides practical recommendations on how to deal with these challenges. 相似文献
340.
Jury research has dealt almost exclusively with the American system wherein 6-12 laypersons decide verdicts under a unanimity or non-unanimity rule. However, most Western European countries follow the escabinado system, in which laypersons and judges together decide verdict and sentence, under a non-unanimous rule. We experimentally compared the processes and outcomes of both types of juries. Under the guise of a Student Judicial panel, seven undergraduate students in Spain comprised 10 juries, whereas five undergraduates and two fifth-year Law students comprised 10 escabinado juries. We assessed pre- and post-discussion verdict, penalty, and confidence, discussion content, and subjective reactions to the discussion and outcome. Escabinado jury deliberations were driven by the imbalance of power between trained and lay jurors. Escabinado and lay juries differed in their perception of the deliberation but not in their outcomes. Implications for the impact of cultural differences and task requirements in jury decision-making are drawn. 相似文献