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201.
Svenja Falk Dieter Rehfeld Andrea Römmele Martin Thunert 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2007,48(2):322-337
The institutional and societal framework of policy-advice-giving is changing and so are the worlds of political consultants and policy experts in Germany and other advanced democracies. While there are several new developments which are challenging established forms of policy-advice and political consulting, the present article focuses its attention on the impact of new governance structures on policy advice and political consulting. The main argument of the article is that when government becomes governance and the number of actors and venues involved in the decision-making process increase, a new cooperative and discursive mode of policy-advice giving complements or sometimes even replaces more established forms of policy-advice-giving. We review the evolution of the debate about the role of policy-advice-giving from different perspectives, and particularly explore possible consequences of the changing nature of the state as well as of newly emerging modes of cooperative policy-advice and political consulting — both for empirical as well as conceptual research in the field. Through this, we attempt to generate a debate on the future direction of different modes of policy-advice and political consulting within a changing framework of governance structures in advanced democracies. 相似文献
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Berti A Virgili A D'Errico G Vespi G Lago G Cavazzana A 《Journal of forensic sciences》2005,50(5):1114-1115
Protein markers are commonly used in forensic medicine to establish the origin of human fluids detected in crime scenes. Semenogelins, the major protein constituents of semen coagulum, are the most effective markers for semen detection. Recently, it has been demonstrated that semenogelins are also ectopically expressed in small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) and in a minority of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). This finding prompted us to look for semenogelin expression in the serum of lung cancer patients. A set of 13 serum samples (3 from SCLC and 10 from NSCLC patients) was screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a commercially available kit. Four of the NSCLC cases showed positive results. Ectopic expression of marker proteins in individuals affected by cancer could represent a potential source of forensic pitfalls. 相似文献
207.
Campobasso CP Dell'Erba AS Addante A Zotti F Marzullo A Colonna MF 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2008,29(2):154-161
The postmortem diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction represents a current challenge for forensic pathologists, particularly when death occurs within minutes to a few hours after the ischemic insult. Among the adult population the single most important cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the well-known atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, commonly asymptomatic or unrecognized. The recognition of early myocardial damage using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is possible only if death has occurred at least 6 hours after the onset of the ischemic injury. The usefulness of immunohistochemical markers to the diagnosis of early myocardial damage has been recently suggested because most of them can be visible even serologically as early as few minutes after the beginning of the symptoms. To evaluate the usefulness of plasma and cellular antigens, their distribution patterns have been studied among a group of 18 SCD cases in which a myocardial ischemia was strongly suspected. For the present study, 4 markers have been selected on the basis of their different diagnostic potential as follows: among the plasma markers the C5b-9 and fibronectin, among the cellular markers the myoglobin and cardiac troponin. The results show that only the study of multiple markers such as those selected can provide enough evidence of myocardial ischemia and/or necrosis, supporting the final diagnosis of SCD. No single immunohistochemical staining is ideal for diagnosing early myocardial ischemia but a set of markers can improve the ability of forensic pathologists to detect ischemic areas when no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of necrosis is available. However, the interpretation of data obtained in each individual cannot be isolated from the overall assessment of the factors (cardiopulmonary resuscitation and/or agonal artifacts) that can affect the expression of each marker. 相似文献
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During the years 2004-2006, seven divers, who had deadly accidents, underwent post-mortem examination at the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University of Munich. The cause of death in all divers was drowning with typical pathomorphological findings. This should be regarded as separated to the triggering reason for drowning. The trigger for accident was established in four of seven cases by technical analysis and police investigation. High risk-taking, lack of technical service, and deficiency of dive equipment care were main reasons for death. We present two of these cases which showed several problems occurring concurrently. Autopsy always is necessary to look for indices for application of force or to exclude competitive reasons for death. 相似文献
209.
Andrea Allen 《Police Practice and Research》2016,17(3):249-262
Universities are a hotbed of alcohol consumption, which is a major contributor to campus crime. In the US, campus police are responsible for handling crimes on campus. Like municipal police, campus officers are afforded the power to make discretionary sanctioning decisions. The question for this paper is what affects those decisions? To explore that topic, data collected during ride-alongs with campus officers are analyzed. Campus officers explained their sanctions as being affected by nine factors. The findings suggest that influences on campus and municipal officers’ sanctioning decisions are largely similar. The paper concludes by discussing implications for future research. 相似文献
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