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311.
Macchi V Porzionato A Bardini R Parenti A De Caro R 《Journal of forensic sciences》2008,53(5):1181-1184
Perforations of both esophagus and aorta after swallowing foreign bodies have been described, with aorto-esophageal fistulas at the level of the descending aorta or aortic arch. We present the case of a 48-year-old man with esophageal perforation by fish bone, mediastinitis, and evidence of perforation of the ascending aorta during surgical drainage of the mediastinum. At autopsy, a fish bone was found under the aortic arch. Serial histological macrosections of the mediastinic block allowed reconstruction of the type of injury suffered and a thorough analysis of mediastinic structures, with preservation of topographic relationships. Direct demonstration of the perforation of the posterior wall of ascending aorta was provided. Histological examination ascribed aortic perforation to migration of the fish bone and direct injury. This is the first anatomical and pathological study of an autopsy case of perforation of the ascending aorta by fish bone. 相似文献
312.
Jacqueline K. Buffington-Vollum John F. Edens Andrea Keilen 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2008,23(1):16-22
The (Sorensen and Pilgrim, An actuarial risk assessment of violence posed by capital murder defendants. J Crim Law Criminol
90:1251–1270, 2000) actuarial model was developed to predict institutional violence among life-sentenced murderers. However, despite its presentation
at capital sentencing, the model has not been validated on death row inmates specifically. This study examined the association
between Sorensen and Pilgrim model scores and five types of institutional violence (serious assaults, minor assaults, verbal
assault/threats, prison order offenses, and non-violent infractions) among a sample of 155 individuals who had been incarcerated
on death row in Texas. Results revealed that risk scores performed better for non-violent infractions than for serious assaults,
calling into question the utility of this measure for capital sentencing evaluations.
相似文献
Jacqueline K. Buffington-VollumEmail: |
313.
Stoppacher R Yancon AR Jumbelic MI 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2008,29(3):231-234
The worldwide dependence on electricity to support the needs of today's society is often taken for granted and, as such, the hazards associated with the termination of electrical services are often neglected. Whether electrical services are unintentionally terminated as the result of severe weather or intentionally terminated as the result of nonpayment of utility bills, the ensuing conditions may lead to injury or death in affected individuals. We performed a retrospective review of all deaths investigated by the Onondaga County Medical Examiner's Office between 1999 and 2004. Our case database was searched for causes of death that included hypothermia, hyperthermia, carbon monoxide, fire, electrocution, and/or electricity. Further review of these cases was undertaken to determine the potential relationship between the death and the termination of electrical services. Seven fatalities were found to be associated with the termination of electrical services. Four fatalities resulted from its unintentional termination and 3 were a consequence of intentional termination. In reporting these deaths, we hope to emphasize the potential dangers associated with the termination of electrical services and explore the informational programs and public health laws that are in place to limit the associated potential negative outcomes. 相似文献
314.
Andrea Lambe M.S. B.S.N. R.N. ; Klaus Püschel M.D. Ph.D. ; Sven Anders M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(1):212-215
Abstract: A 29-year-old Korean man reported to have been robbed, bound, and gagged by a stranger in his apartment. Clinical findings included extensive petechiae to his face and tramline patterned abrasions and ligature furrows to his neck and face as well as his wrists. Initially, no other leads in the investigation existed and a robbery was assumed to have taken place. The man eventually confessed to fabricating the story and to having self-induced the ligature marks by subluxating his jaw at the temporomandibular joint and hooking the rope closest to the back of his neck on the corner of table. The man demonstrated this unsuspected ability to law enforcement officers. As a motive for his unconventional behavior, he confessed to engaging in autoaggressive behavior as punishment for "losing face" after his ex-girlfriend terminated her pregnancy. This case demonstrates that petechiae due to neck compression also may occur in the living and are due to vascular compression and not lethal hypoxia. 相似文献
315.
Early interpretations of sustainable development based on weak sustainability address neither the limits to the earth's resilience nor our failure to curb consumption. Given the challenges facing the earth today, especially climate change, a much more meaningful instrument is required and a new ethic based on the ecological carrying capacity of the Earth. The article examines the impact of those early interpretations before exploring the importance of ecological sustainability as the moral and (potentially fundamental) legal principle underpinning the concept of sustainable development. It examines the influence of the climate change agenda before examining the mechanisms available to make this ethic operational. Sustainable development has the capacity to set meaningful objectives, duties and rules, and provide boundaries for decision making, as reflected in recent legislation. Enhancing ecological sustainability through improving supply and impact is relatively easy for governments, businesses, and individuals; reducing consumption is much harder, and will require strong leadership. 相似文献
316.
Europ?isches und deutsches Recht setzen neuerdings stark auf eine ausgebaute Biomassenutzung
zur Strom-, W?rme- und Treibstoffgewinnung. Die Biomassenutzung weist eine Reihe ?kologisch-
sozialer Vor-, aber auch Nachteile auf. Das bisherige, aber auch das zur Verabschiedung anstehende neue
europ?ische und deutsche Bioenergierecht l?st diese nicht immer hinreichend auf. Nachhaltigkeitskriterienkataloge
k?nnen diese Rolle auch strukturell nur begrenzt übernehmen, unter anderem weil sie die n?tige
Komplexit?t nicht abbilden, Verlagerungseffekte nicht vermeiden und bestimmte zentrale Aspekte (etwa
das Weltern?hrungsproblem) erst gar nicht abbilden k?nnen; und wenn, dann müssten die Kataloge
über die aktuellen EU-Vorschl?ge hinausgehen. Wirkungsvoller für die Bioenergienutzung selbst
wie auch in der Energiepolitik insgesamt w?re aber eine einschneidende Energieeffizienzpolitik –
die den Gesamtverbrauch senken und damit die ?kologisch-sozialen Ambivalenzen überschaubarer machen
würden, wenn langfristig die erneuerbaren Energien 100% der Versorgung in einer “kohlenstofffreien
Wirtschaft” übernehmen. In Verbindung mit der Analyse der Ambivalenzen bietet der vorliegende
Beitrag zugleich einen kurzen überblick über das Bioenergierecht. 相似文献
317.
Andrea Macarulla Rodriguez M.Sc. Zeno Geradts Ph.D. Marcel Worring Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(4):1169-1183
In this study, we aim to compare the performance of systems and forensic facial comparison experts in terms of likelihood ratio computation to assess the potential of the machine to support the human expert in the courtroom. In forensics, transparency in the methods is essential. Consequently, state-of-the-art free software was preferred over commercial software. Three different open-source automated systems chosen for their availability and clarity were as follows: OpenFace, SeetaFace, and FaceNet; all three based on convolutional neural networks that return a distance (OpenFace, FaceNet) or similarity (SeetaFace). The returned distance or similarity is converted to a likelihood ratio using three different distribution fits: parametric fit Weibull distribution, nonparametric fit kernel density estimation, and isotonic regression with pool adjacent violators algorithm. The results show that with low-quality frontal images, automated systems have better performance to detect nonmatches than investigators: 100% of precision and specificity in confusion matrix against 89% and 86% obtained by investigators, but with good quality images forensic experts have better results. The rank correlation between investigators and software is around 80%. We conclude that the software can assist in reporting officers as it can do faster and more reliable comparisons with full-frontal images, which can help the forensic expert in casework. 相似文献
318.
Siennick Sonja E. Brown Samantha J. Mears Daniel P. Pesta George B. Montes Andrea N. Collier Nicole L. 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2020,16(2):207-226
Journal of Experimental Criminology - We present results from a randomized controlled trial of a school-based intervention that provided services to youth with prior police contact. The... 相似文献
319.
Guendalina Gentile B.Sc. Salvatore Andreola M.D. Paolo Bailo M.D. Michele Boracchi M.D. Paolo Fociani M.D. Andrea Piccinini M.D. Riccardo Zoja M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(3):840-845
In electrocutions, death may be caused by alterations in the heart conduction system provoking ventricular fibrillation. This study aims to identify histological cardiac markers of high- and low-voltage electrocution. Two groups of decedents were evaluated: group A included 14 fatalities caused by high- or low-voltage electrocution and group B (control) included 14 fatalities due to other traumatic or disease causes. Myocardial sampling with microscopic examination was performed on all the hearts using the hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains to investigate morphological characteristics that could indicate the damage caused by high- and low-voltage electrocutions. Interstitial myocardial hemorrhagic infiltration was the only differentiating finding, which was shown only in high-voltage electrocution. This pathological finding has not been previously reported, and it may be specific to high-voltage electrocution deaths. Further studies are warranted. 相似文献
320.
Roberto Cameriere M.D. D.M.D. Roberto Scendoni M.D. Ph.D. Zitong Lin Ph.D. Chantal Milani D.M.D. M.S. Luz Andrea Velandia Palacio D.D.S. Marika Turiello B.Sc. Luigi Ferrante M.Math. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(1):46-51
The study of frontal sinuses for personal identification is a considered approach in the forensic field. In Yoshino's system, the frontal sinus patterns of a given person were formulated as a code number (codY) obtained by arranging the class numbers in each classification item. The aim of this work was to use a new code number (codC) with eight digits that includes other two continuous variables obtained as ratios SOR1 (left frontal sinus area/left orbit area) and SOR2 (right frontal sinus area/right orbit area), comparing the results with that of Yoshino. Digital radiographic images of the skulls of 150 Chinese people were analyzed. Spearman's partial correlation coefficients were evaluated between variables characterizing frontal sinus patterns. We used a maximum-weight dependence tree for statistical analysis. Results demonstrated that codC significantly reduced the probability of having the same personal code number compared with codY. Our scientific approach results valid for personal identification purposes. 相似文献