A trip to Alamut,Lahijan and Rasht

Middle East

Arab Political Memoirs and Other Studies. By Elie Kedourie. London, Frank Cass, 1974. Pp. 327. Bibliog. Index. £5.95.

Arabian Assignment. By David Smiley. London, Leo Cooper, 1975. Pp. 248. Illus. Index. £6.75.

From Encroachment to Involvement. A Documentary Study of Soviet Policy in the Middle East, 1945–1973. By Yaacov Ro'i. Jerusalem, Israel Universities Press, 1974; distributed in the UK by John Wiley &; Sons. Pp. 616. Indices.

Nasserist Ideology: Its Exponents and Critics. By Nissim Rejwan. Jerusalem, Israel Universities Press, 1974. Pp. 271. Appendix. Index. £6.75.

The Modern History of Israel. By Noah Lucas. London, Weidenfeld and Nicol‐son, 1975. Pp. 500. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £6.00.

The Moors in Spain and Portugal. By Jan Read. London, Faber &; Faber, 1974. Pp. 268. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.95.

Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean and the Threat to the West. Four Studies in Global Strategy. Edited by Patrick Wall. London, Stacey International, 1975. Pp. 198. Maps. Illus. Index. £3.50 (paper £2.00).

South Asia

China, Pakistan and Bangladesh. By J. P. Jain. New Delhi, Radiant Publishers, 1974. Pp. vi+232. Notes. Appendices. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 55.

Soviet Policy towards Pakistan and Bangladesh. By J. P. Jain. New Delhi, Radiant Publishers, 1974. Pp. 212. Notes. Appendices. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 50.

Soviet Policy toward India: Ideology and Strategy. By Robert H. Donaldson. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press, 1974. Pp. x+264. Notes. Appendix. Bibliog. Index. £7.50.

Minorities in Madras State. Group Interests in Modern Politics. By S. Saras‐wathi. Delhi, Impex India, 1974. Pp. 247. Tables. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 50.

India ‐ Development and Experience. By Sardar Tarlok Singh. Madras and London, Macmillan, 1975. Pp. xx+458. Index. £8.00.

British Economic Thought and India 1600–1858. A study in the history of development economics. By William J. Barber. Clarendon Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 243. Bibliog. Index. £6.00.

Marriage, Religion and Society. Pattern of change in an Indian village. By Giri Raj Gupta. London, Curzon Press, 1974. Pp. 180. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £3.00.

The Lion River. The Indus. By Jean Fairley. London, Allen Lane, 1975. Pp. xv+290. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.95.

An Indian Summer. By James Cameron. London, Macmillan, 1974. Pp. 224. £3.50.

Sources for the History of British India in the Seventeenth Century. By Shafaat Ahmad Khan. London, Curzon Press, 1975. Pp. 395. Index. £4.50.

Political Relations between India and Nepal, 1877–1923. By Kanchanmoy Mojumdar. Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1973. Pp. xv+331. Maps. Appendix. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 30.

Himalayan Traders. Life in Highland Nepal. By Christoph von Fürer‐Haimen‐dorf. London, John Murray, 1975. Pp. 316. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £7.50.

Pakistan Under Challenge. By L. F. Rushbrook Williams. London, Stacey International, 1975. Pp. 224. Maps. Illus. Index. £3.90 (paper £2.20).

South‐East Asia

Southeast Asia Under the New Balance of Power. Edited by Sudershan Chawla, Melvin Gurtov and Alain‐Gerard Marsot. New York, Praeger; London, Pall Mall Press, 1974. Pp. 196. Bibliog. Index. £2.25.

U Nu: Saturday's Son. By U Nu; translated by U Law Yone and edited by U Kyaw Win. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1975. Pp. xv+358. Index. £7.50.

Economic Growth and Development in West Malaysia 1947–1970. By David Lim. London, Oxford University Press, 1974. Pp. xx+346. Tables. Bibliog. Index. £9.95.

Far East

China's Foreign Relations since 1949. By Alan Lawrance. London, Routledge &; Kegan Paul (World Studies Series), 1975. Pp. 261. Maps. Biblog. Index. £5.95.

East Asia &; U.S. Security. By Ralph N. Clough. Washington, The Brookings Institution, 1975. Pp. 248. Index. $8–95 (paper $3.50).

The Logic of “Maoism”: Critiques and Explication. Edited by James Chieh Hsiung. New York, Praeger; London, Pall Mall Press, 1975. Pp. 227. Bibliog. Index. £8.00.

The Pattern of Sino‐American Crises. Political‐Military Interactions in the 1950s. By J. H. Kalicki. London, Cambridge University Press, 1975. Pp. 279. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £7.50.

China's Economic Aid. By Wolfgang Bartke. London, C. Hurst &; Co., 1975. Pp. 215. £5.00.

Russia and the Roots of the Chinese Revolution, 1896–1911. By Don C. Price. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press, 1975. Pp. 301. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £8.00.

Mirror to the Son of Heaven: Wei Cheng at the Court of T'ang T'ai‐tsung. By Howard J. Wechsler. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1975. Pp. xii+259. Appendices. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £7.50.

Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T'ao and Reform in Late Ch'ing China. By Paul A. Cohen. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press, 1974. Pp. x+357. Notes. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £8.00.

Some Remarks on the Relationship between China and Mongolia. By C. R. Bawden. London, The China Society, 1974. China Society Occasional Papers. No. 17.

United States‐Japanese Relations: The Seventies. Edited by Priscilla Clapp and Morton H. Halperin. Cambridge, Mass., and London, Harvard University Press, 1975. Pp. 234. £4.00.

Japanese Radicals Revisited: Student protest in postwar Japan. By Ellis S. Krauss. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, University of California Press, 1974. Pp. xiv+192. Bibliog. Index. £6.60.

The Samurai. By Paul Varley with Ivan and Nobuko Morris. First published by Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970; London, Penguin Books, 1974. Pp. 106. Map. Illus. Index.

Warrior Government in Early Medieval Japan: A Study of the Kamakura Bakufu, Shugo and Jito. By Jeffrey P. Mass. New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1975. Pp. 257. Glossary. Map. Bibliog. Index. £6.25.

Ishiwara Kanji and Japan's Confrontation with the West. By Mark R. Peattie. Princeton and London, Princeton University Press, 1975. Pp. 430. Glossary (Romaji/Kanji). Bibliog. Index. £870.

The Kuril Islands. Russo‐Japanese Frontiers in the Pacific. By John J. Stephan. Clarendon Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1975. Pp. 279. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £6.25.     

Sources of Power in Public Negotiations: A Framework Applied to Public-Public and Public-Private Negotiations

The negotiation literature has extensively examined the topic of power and how it can be wielded. Numerous frameworks have been created and utilized in the various treatises on negotiations; analyzing the power differential in any given situation is a common teaching technique. However, despite this focus on the topic, discussions of power have been mainly focused on negotiations in the private sector. As a result, many of the most common frameworks are oriented toward this type of situation, resulting in a clumsy application to a public-sector negotiation. Given the growing importance of negotiations to public-sector leaders, we provide a new structure for analyzing power that can be utilized in such situations. For a municipal leader confronted with a complex public-private partnership, it is important to have the right tools to use when examining the power dynamics at play. After examining several current models of power, as well as other writings on the topic in negotiation and strategy literature, we present a new model. This model divides power into different categories based on whether it stems from formal or informal mechanisms, and then offers several specific forms relevant to the public sector. We then use this new model to examine a case study involving the new mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire and her efforts to negotiate a better response to the opioid and homelessness crisis. This case study illustrates the unique nature of public sector negotiations and provides a roadmap for negotiators looking to use our new framework.     

Using the Results from Rigorous Multisite Evaluations to Inform Local Policy Decisions

Evidence‐based policy at the local level requires predicting the impact of an intervention to inform whether it should be adopted. Increasingly, local policymakers have access to published research evaluating the effectiveness of policy interventions from national research clearinghouses that review and disseminate evidence from program evaluations. Through these evaluations, local policymakers have a wealth of evidence describing what works, but not necessarily where. Multisite evaluations may produce unbiased estimates of the average impact of an intervention in the study sample and still produce inaccurate predictions of the impact for localities outside the sample for two reasons: (1) the impact of the intervention may vary across localities, and (2) the evaluation estimate is subject to sampling error. Unfortunately, there is relatively little evidence on how much the impacts of policy interventions vary from one locality to another and almost no evidence on the implications of this variation for the accuracy with which the local impact of adopting an intervention can be predicted using findings from an evaluation in other localities. In this paper, we present a set of methods for quantifying the accuracy of the local predictions that can be obtained using the results of multisite randomized trials and for assessing the likelihood that prediction errors will lead to errors in local policy decisions. We demonstrate these methods using three evaluations of educational interventions, providing the first empirical evidence of the ability to use multisite evaluations to predict impacts in individual localities—i.e., the ability of “evidence‐based policy” to improve local policy.     

Responsiveness without Representation: Evidence from Minimum Wage Laws in U.S. States

How well does public policy represent mass preferences in U.S. states? Current approaches provide an incomplete account of statehouse democracy because they fail to compare preferences and policies on meaningful scales. Here, we overcome this problem by generating estimates of Americans' preferences on the minimum wage and compare them to observed policies both within and across states. Because we measure both preferences and policies on the same scale (U.S. dollars), we can quantify both the association of policy outcomes with preferences across states (responsiveness) and their deviation within states (bias). We demonstrate that while minimum wages respond to corresponding preferences across states, policy outcomes are more conservative than preferences in each state, with the average policy bias amounting to about two dollars. We also show that policy bias is substantially smaller in states with access to direct democratic institutions.     

Myanmar’s intelligence apparatus and the fall of General Khin Nyunt

As Myanmar’s Chief of Intelligence from 1983 until 2004, General Khin Nyunt presided over the development of a large and powerful security apparatus that underpinned military rule and played a major role in the country’s international relations. So influential did the key military intelligence organisation become, however, that it was seen as a threat by other parts of the armed forces, including the ruling State Peace and Development Council. In 2004, Khin Nyunt was arrested and his intelligence empire largely dismantled. The purge seriously weakened the regime’s capabilities, but was considered necessary to maintain its position as the supreme arbiter of power in Myanmar.     

The Influence of High Schools on Developing Public Service Motivation

ABSTRACT: Despite the theoretical importance of public service motivation (PSM) for the public sector, little is known about the malleability and causal determinants of PSM. Formal schooling is one possible determinant of PSM. Using longitudinal data, this study analyzes the effects of civics courses and school-based community service in high school on PSM-related values. A propensity score matching strategy that compares observationally similar individuals finds that participation in school-based service activities for credit increases students’ reported prosocial values, such as helping others in the community, one underlying component of PSM-related values. However, taking a civics course does not affect PSM or associated values. The results suggest that PSM-related values are malleable and responsive to early service experiences. The values underlying PSM may evolve over time. That is, the development of prosocial values in adolescence may lead to the future development of other values important to PSM.