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Social research that informs the implementation of natural resource policies is frequently driven by the logic of the policy system itself. A prevailing concern with achieving policy outcomes can lead, however, to lack of attention to equally important aspects, for example the challenges the policy instruments present to those they are targeting and the consequences this might have for government–citizen relationships. To help guide research into these issues we have developed a situational–interactional approach to interpretive policy analysis that seeks to examine the processes involved when people collectively make sense of government instruments. The theoretical basis is provided to a large extent by Luhmann’s theory of self-referential social systems. In addition, we operationalise the concepts of interactional framing and resemiotisation to capture the active work of the citizens in sense-making processes. We then apply our situational–interactional analysis to small-scale forest ownership in Flanders. Analysis of data from focus groups with forest owners reveals how interactions build on each other in the co-development of particular strategies to cope with government intervention. Finally, we discuss two future directions for research. First, the forest owners find themselves in an inescapable relationship with the government, and feel their autonomy is threatened. Government intervention, therefore, will almost necessarily lead to resistance. Second, forest groups enhance compatibility between the government system and the forest owners, but rather than narrowing the gap between the two worlds they tend to emphasise it. 相似文献
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Junior partners in a coalition government are torn between an eagerness to profile themselves, and to show loyalty to the coalition. We investigate when, how and why junior coalition parties affect foreign policy and profile themselves despite demands for national unity. We study two Swedish centre‐right governments in 2006–2010 and 2010–2014. The parties' foreign policy positions in election manifestos are compared to the foreign policy positions presented in the joint Alliance manifesto and yearly government declarations. An explorative analysis of possible explanations for junior parties' influence is based on elite interviews. The results indicate that junior coalition parties might influence the foreign policy in symbolic value related issues, but less so in issues with real policy implications. Our analysis reveals the importance of the leading member of the coalition and how junior parties converge over time towards the position of the senior coalition member. 相似文献
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In the analyzed period from 1998 to 2008, the autopsies performed at the Hamburg Institute of Legal Medicine included 13 cases in which an investigation for neonaticide had been initiated by the public prosecutor. The killed neonates showed a nearly equal distribution between both sexes. The most common method of neonaticide was suffocation. Most of the perpetrators were young, unmarried primipara with an average educational background. Almost all of them were suffering under psychological stress and had negated their pregnancy. In most cases, birth and neonaticide happened alone in their flat, and there was no medical attendance in any case. In the cases brought to court the women were charged with manslaughter (Section 212 German Criminal Code) and those found guilty were always granted a mitigated sentence pursuant to Section 213 Criminal Code. 相似文献
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O'Connor M Sanson A Hawkins MT Letcher P Toumbourou JW Smart D Vassallo S Olsson CA 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(7):860-874
This article responds to recent calls for a focus on successful development in young people and examination of its developmental
precursors, in order to identify potentially modifiable targets for interventions. The current study examined child and adolescent
precursors of positive functioning in emerging adulthood, including individual characteristics, relationship factors, and
connections to the community, using a multidimensional positive development measure at 19–20 years. The sample consisted of
511 males and 647 females who were participants in the Australian Temperament Project, a population based longitudinal study
that has followed young people’s psychosocial adjustment from infancy to early adulthood. Higher levels of positive development
in emerging adulthood were associated with stronger family and peer relationships, better adjustment to the school setting,
higher family socioeconomic status, and better emotional control. Some significant gender differences were observed, with
emotional control, family relationships, and community orientation all being stronger predictors of males’ than of females’
positive development. The findings provide possible targets for child and adolescent interventions to promote positive development
in early adulthood. 相似文献