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121.
Delisi M Trulson CR Marquart JW Drury AJ Kosloski AE 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2011,55(8):1186-1207
The importation model is a venerable theoretical explanation for inmate misconduct but it has not been extended in nearly 50 years. The current study advances a life course importation model of inmate behavior where life events in childhood cascade to predict antisocial behavior during adolescence and misconduct occurring during periods of confinement. Based on data from 2,520 institutionalized male delinquents, ordinary least squares, logistic, and negative binomial regression models indicated that family background variables were largely predictive of multiple facets of delinquent careers. Negative binomial regression models of institutional misconduct indicated that proximal delinquent career variables were more consistently associated with misconduct than distal family background factors. Because institutional behavior can be understood as the importing of family deprivation experiences and chronic delinquency, the life course importation model is a useful conceptual framework to study crime over the life course, even including periods of confinement. 相似文献
122.
Witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) is a frightening experience that affects children’s development and well-being.
This study examines experiences of IPV from the perspective of children. Interviews with 14 children between 8 and 12 years
of age were analyzed using a thematic method. Three main themes were identified: how children talked about abuse of their
mother, described their own actions, and related to or handled memories of violence. Most children confirmed that their mother
had been the victim of abuse, but had difficulties describing these experiences. Narratives were often incoherent and difficult
to fully understand. In contrast, most of the children seemed to find it easier to describe their own actions during violence
and conflicts. Not thinking about IPV was a strategy that aimed at reducing unwanted memories; it is also a strategy that
may obstruct creating a narrative. 相似文献
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Determining the cause for the sudden death in young adults tends to be complex and difficult. Two cases of death of young people were autoptically investigated who died suddenly while carrying out their hobbies (a 22-year-old male musician and a 20-year-old female dancer). In both cases neither the police investigation, the autopsy, nor the toxicological investigations gave any relevant results. However, when investigating the histology fatty and fibrotic tissue in the right ventricle of the myocardium were found, whereas the myocytes proved to be degenerated--typical for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). It is important to consider the possibility of heart rhythm failure if a clear reason for sudden death in young adults cannot be detected. Heart rhythm failure often involves the genetic background of the case, which suggests that genetic analysis should be carried out as a supportive means of diagnostics. 相似文献
126.
Pittman Russell; Diaconu Oana; Sip Emanual; Tomova Anna; Wronka Jerzy 《Journal of Competition Law and Economics》2007,3(4):673-687
The railways of Russia and the Central and Eastern Europeancountries are in the process of restructuring. In most cases,the "vertical separation" reform model is being pursued, andreformers are seeking to introduce competition among freighttrain operators through the provision of "open access" to themonopoly infrastructure. This paper shows that, in two countries,Poland and Romania, a good deal of competition has been createdby the entry of new freight operators, many of them either largeshippers integrating upstream or former freight forwarders.However, in other countries, the incumbent freight operatorsretain virtually 100 percent of the market. In particular, Russiahas taken only the very first steps toward creating competitionin this sector, and new freight train operators face significantbarriers to competing with the incumbent. 相似文献
127.
In this study, we respond to calls for further investigation on why and how scientists choose to commercialize their research.
Mowery (University entrepreneurship and technology transfer: process design, and intellectual property, Elsevier, Oxford 2005), in his criticism of the US-system, emphasizes the need for multiple channels between university and industry. His argument
makes the case of Sweden interesting, where the researchers own the intellectual property of their research. Sweden thus constitutes
a unique case where data can be found on which choices researchers make in a setting where a variety of channels for transfer
are available. Our empirical data, collected through case studies, allowed for the expansion of the typology for mechanisms
for transfer of academic research as well as the development of a typology for determinants for researchers’ choice to engage
in transfer of research. Apart from those contributions to the theoretic discussion, the data also provided policy implications. 相似文献
128.
Daniel B. Wright Florence Hanoteau Camilla Parkinson Anna Tatham 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2010,15(2):195-207
Purpose. To examine the relationship between perceived memory characteristics and age. Method. Participants rated the reliability and honesty of children's memory for one of two events. The children's ages varied from 3‐ to 18‐years‐old. Results. Participants (N = 612) believed that memory reliability increased with age, but the observed effect was non‐linear. Perceived reliability increased rapidly for children from 3 to 6 years. After this, male participants believed memory reliability increased, but less than in early childhood. Female participants did not think memory reliability increased in middle childhood and adolescence. Further effects involving type of event, age of participant, and the gender of the eyewitness were observed for honesty and the relationship between these attributes and beliefs in guilt. Conclusions. These findings stress the need for more research on development trends of memory in middle childhood and adolescence. 相似文献
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