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211.
The Australian Public Service and Policy Advising: Meeting the Challenges of 21st Century Governance
This concluding article summarises the case study findings comprising the Special Issue on ‘Advising Australian Federal Governments: Assessing the Evolving Capacity and Role of the Australian Public Service’, identifies and discusses cross‐cutting issues, and considers strategic implications for future practice and research. It reviews key findings from six case studies – Treasury, Prime Minister and Cabinet, Intergovernmental Relations, Housing, the BER Stimulus program, and Defence – and assesses the policy advising capacity of the Australian Public Service, with a focus on the policy‐political interface between governments and officials. Putting recent experience in historical context, it considers the performance of the Commonwealth's policy advisory system, the impact of prime ministers and centralisation, the link between advising and analytic capacities, the system's resilience and readiness, whether recent dissatisfaction over APS advising reflect lack of capacity or a culture clash, and the responsibility for ensuring high‐quality policy advice. It recommends developing a more systematic approach to assessing policy advising capability, building on recent APS reforms. 相似文献
212.
虽然有关志愿者活动的参与以及志愿者动机(Motivationsto Volunteers,以下简称MTV)的研究已经受到许多国家(尤其是美国)的持续关注,但是,从文化和政治背景来解析的研究却鲜见。本文对志愿者活动的社会起源论和信息传递论这两种理论进行了比较,阐述了不同国家志愿者动机的差异,着重分析了来自6个国家具有不同文化背景的5,794名学生各自的反应。所得到的结果有力地支持了信息传递论,与此同时却淡化了社会起源论。文章得出结论:参与志愿者活动系个人的决定,更多地受个人影响,当然某种程度上也受到巨大的社会力量的影响。 相似文献
213.
Turner HA Finkelhor D Hamby SL Shattuck A Ormrod RK 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(8):1052-1067
Much of the existing research on the prevalence and consequences of peer victimization focuses on “bullying” at school, often
omitting from consideration non-bullying types of peer victimization as well as events that occur outside of school. The purpose
of this study was to examine past-year exposure to peer-perpetrated victimization, occurring both within and outside of school
contexts, among school-aged children in the United States. The study is based on a representative sample of 2,999 youth ages
6–17 (50% female; 45% non-white) from the 2008 National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV). Findings revealed
age, gender, race, and family structure variations in many forms of peer victimization and demonstrated significant independent
and cumulative effects of six different types of peer victimization (physical assault, physical intimidation, emotional victimization,
sexual victimization, property crime, and internet harassment) on trauma symptoms. Findings also showed that, although victimization
at school is substantial, a considerable proportion of peer victimizations occur away from school contexts. The findings highlight
the importance of comprehensive measurement of multiple forms of peer victimization that occur both at school and elsewhere,
rather than focusing exclusively on traditional measures of school-focused bullying. 相似文献
214.
Anne Powell Williford Daniel Brisson Kimberly A. Bender Jeffrey M. Jenson Shandra Forrest-Bank 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(6):644-655
The developmental period characterized by the transition from childhood and elementary school to early adolescence and middle
school has been associated with increases in aggressive behavior and peer victimization. Few longitudinal studies, however,
have examined the stability of aggression and victimization during this critical transition. This study uses latent class
analysis (LCA) to examine patterns of aggressive behavior and victimization during the transition to middle school among urban,
public school students (N = 458; Girls = 53%; Latino/a = 53%; M age at t1 = 10.2 years). Independent LCA models were conducted using self-reported data assessing subjects’ involvement in
aggressive conduct and victimization during the spring semesters of grades four, five, and six. Elementary school students
in the fourth grade initially belonged to one of four groups identified as aggressor, victim, aggressor-victim, and uninvolved
latent classes. Contrary to prior research, membership in these classes changed significantly by the time students completed
their first year of middle school with most youth participating in episodes of aggression and victimization during the transition.
Six common paths that describe patterns of aggressive behavior and victimization from the last two years of elementary school
to the first year of middle school were found. Findings are discussed in the context of social dominance theory and prior
research that has found greater stability in aggression and victimization among early adolescents. 相似文献
215.
Enduring and workable legislative schemes typically include (a) a balanced approach to the rights and duties of all parties under their purview; and (b) consideration of all major consequences that may flow from the codification of underpinning doctrines. This column examines the 1999 amendments to the Guardianship and Administration Act 1986 (Vic) regulating patients' consent to medical treatment focusing on their application in modern emergency departments. The legislation needs to reconcile the human rights principle that humane and appropriate treatment is a fundamental right of all those who suffer from ill health and disease, with the principle that all patients (including those with impaired, but not totally absent, decisional capacity) have an absolute right to refuse life-saving treatment. Consent and refusal of treatment provisions should be based on the notion of reasonableness, including recognition that the mental and emotional states experienced by physically ill people may, in the short-term, adversely affect their decision-making capacity. Unless the consent legislation factors in the realities of modern emergency practice and resources, statutory thresholds for decisional competence, instead of affording protection, may result in much worse outcomes for vulnerable patients. 相似文献
216.
217.
Using three interviews spanning 3 years, we identified intimate partner violence (IPV) classes and determined how class membership
changed over time amongst a sample of 217 mothers at-risk for child maltreatment that were enrolled in an early childhood
home visitation evaluation study. Data on perpetration/victimization, IPV type (verbal, physical, and sexual abuse and injury)
and severity were used to conduct latent class analyses at each time point. Latent transition analyses established the proportion
of mothers who changed classes over time. A three-class solution (minimal, moderate, and high IPV) was indicated at each time
point. All classes included mutual IPV. Partners used minor verbal abuse in the minimal class, minor and severe verbal abuse
and minor physical abuse in the moderate class, and all IPV categories in the high class. At each transition, 40 % or more
women moved from minimal to moderate or high IPV. This movement emphasizes the need to screen women frequently and develop interventions recognizing
the dynamic nature of IPV. 相似文献
218.
We argue that personal belief exemptions to the mandate for childhood immunizations should not be allowed. Parents who choose not to immunize their children put both their own children and other children at risk. Other children are at risk because unimmunized children go to school or day care when they are contagious but asymptomatic, exposing many more children to potentially dangerous infections. The risks to children from disease are much higher than the risks of vaccines. There are, of course, some bona fide reasons why children should not be immunized. Some children have known allergies or other medical contraindications to certain immunizations. Immunization refusals based on parental beliefs, however, do not fall into this category. In those cases, children are denied the protection of immunizations without any medical or scientific justification. By eliminating personal belief exemptions to those childhood vaccines associated with contagious diseases that have high rates of childhood mortality, we would better protect children and would more fairly spread the burdens of this important public health program. 相似文献
219.
220.
What potential can be found in the work of Deleuze and Guattari for critical legal scholarship? The authors argue that their work can be deployed to re-think ??critique?? by directly addressing the place and role of the ??critic??. It is argued that the continued commitment to a stance of ??resistance?? in CLS is underpinned by never-ending dualisms which, if not confronted and replaced, can only make CLS ever more redundant. The authors ask: ??what is critique beyond the dualism of power and resistance, of state and nomad??? This question arises from a belief that critique is still capable of being effective, but only if there is the courage to experiment, and to think creatively. In this sense, the ??exhaustion?? of critique is framed as an opportunity to re-think and re-engage with the politics of law. The paper diagrams, through image and film, a critical thought: the potential of the artisan. Film is utilised not as representation, nor as illustration, but as a thinking mind in its own right, through which questions relating to the state, political action, and creative thinking can be (re)framed. Such a re-framing is essential, it is argued, for an engagement with the emergence of societies of control. 相似文献