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961.
Malwina Mejer Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2012,34(1):215-234
This article suggests that the consequences of the ??fragmentation?? of the European patent system are more dramatic than the mere prohibitive costs of maintaining a patent in force in many jurisdictions. The prevalence of national jurisdictions, which are highly heterogeneous in their costs and practices, over the validity and enforcement of European patents, induces a high level of uncertainty and an intense managerial complexity which reduce both the effectiveness and the attractiveness of the European patent system in its mission to stimulate innovation. 相似文献
962.
NA Elbers KA van Wees AJ Akkermans P Cuijpers DJ Bruinvels 《Psychological injury and law》2012,5(1):89-94
Personal injury victims involved in compensation processes have a worse recovery than those not involved in compensation processes.
One predictor for worse recovery is lawyer engagement. As some people argue that this negative relation between lawyer engagement
and recovery may be explained by lawyers’ attitude and communications to clients, it seems important to investigate lawyer–client
interaction. Although procedural justice and therapeutic jurisprudence had previously discussed aspects relevant for lawyer–client
interaction, the client’s perspective has been rather ignored and only few empirical studies have been conducted. In this
qualitative study, 21 traffic accident victims were interviewed about their experiences with their lawyer. Five desirable
characteristics for lawyers were identified: communication, empathy, decisiveness, independence, and expertise. Communication
and empathy corresponded with aspects already discussed in literature, whereas decisiveness, independence and expertise had
been addressed only marginally. Further qualitative and quantitative research is necessary to establish preferable lawyer
characteristics and to investigate what would improve the well-being of personal injury victims during the claims settlement
process. 相似文献
963.
Farming and agribusiness could help employ and reintegrate conflict-affected youth in regions recovering from civil conflict. This study addresses the constraints for youth to engage themselves in agribusiness in the worst conflict-affected regions of northern Uganda. Specifically, it explores to what extent beekeeping and honey business offer viable socio-economic opportunities to formerly displaced youth. Using a value chain approach, the study draws on in-depth interviews with 23 (young) key stakeholders in the honey value chain, document analysis and focus group discussions. The results suggest that apiculture business can create employment for conflict-affected youth in northern Uganda due to the relatively low entry barriers, a young enthused vanguard and higher returns per unit input compared to other agricultural sectors in the region. However in order to succeed, this group requires support from community elders, government and business facilitators, because, due to their age and war background, these youngsters face the common constraints to farming and agribusiness, but at higher degrees of severity. 相似文献
964.
In this introduction to the special issue on ‘Women's work in changing labour markets’, we argue that a combination of digital advances, notably the digitization of individual- and contextual-level data, the creation of internationally comparable occupation-based classifications, and the development of statistical models allowing for contextually informed analysis, has brought us to the brink of new developments in the field of women's work. Census and vital registration data contain more information on occupations of women than previously thought, and when used in combination with other digitized sources they allow one to assess the possible under-registration of women's work, as illustrated by some of the contributions to this special issue. Other contributions show how standardizing occupation-based classifications allows for temporal and regional comparisons of women's work and makes it feasible to study how community or regional characteristics influence that work. None of these developments – large-scale digitization of individual-level data, standardization of occupational titles and measures of stratification, and contextually informed analyses – is completely new; in some cases they are actually rooted in a venerable research tradition. However, in combination they might well constitute a cascade in the history of working women. 相似文献
965.
Oscar Widerberg Frank van Laerhoven 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2014,14(4):303-327
International bureaucracies influence global governance processes as independent agents. Biermann and Siebenhüner (Managers of global change: the influence of international environmental bureaucracies. MIT Press, Cambridge, 2009) have developed an analytical framework to measure and explain the degree of autonomous influence of bureaucracies. We test the validity of the causal claims in the framework by applying it to the Division for Sustainable Development, the bureaucracy that services the Commission on Sustainable Development and compare the results with existing applications of the framework to the United Nations Environmental Program and the Climate Secretariat (UNFCCC). The test shows that the framework is comprehensive and captures the main elements of bureaucratic influence. The structure of the explanatory variables, however, as well as some causal claims, needs to be improved. For instance, the framework includes too many explanatory variables, and interplay between the variables is not taken into account. The article suggests five concrete measures to improve the framework by, for example, creating protocols, collapsing variables, and introduce weightings to the variables. 相似文献
966.
Nicole Maria Leonarda Buck Petronella Engelina Maria Leenaars Paul Maria Gerardus Emmelkamp Hjalmar Johan Carel van Marle 《Journal of family violence》2014,29(3):235-246
The general assumption has been that male batterers from clinical samples were mostly insecurely attached as compared to non-batterers. Recently, a large group was found (39.4 % of batterers in a clinical sample) whose main attachment style was secure. No previous studies have examined specifically the securely attached batterer. The aim of the present study was to test whether antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), but not borderline personality disorder (BPD), traits may be related to battering among securely attached individuals. Twenty-seven securely attached batterers, 45 insecurely attached batterers, 40 securely attached controls, and 22 insecurely attached controls who lived in the Netherlands, filled in self-report measures of personality disorder traits (i.e., antisocial, narcissism, borderline) and attachment (i.e., avoidant and anxious). Results showed that ASPD traits explained 19 % of the variance of battering in securely attached individuals. NPD and BPD traits are related to battering among securely attached individuals when NPD and BPD traits were entered alone in the equation. 相似文献
967.
Joost M. Leunissen David De Cremer Marius van Dijke Christopher P. Reinders Folmer 《Social Justice Research》2014,27(3):322-339
Apologizing is often seen as the appropriate response after a transgression for perpetrators. Yet, despite the positive effects that apologies elicit after situations of conflict, they are not always delivered easily. We argue that this is due—at least in part—to perpetrators overestimating the averseness of apologizing, thus committing a forecasting error. Across two laboratory experiments and one autobiographical recall study, we demonstrate that perpetrators overestimate the averseness they will experience when apologizing compared to the averseness they experience when they actually apologize. Moreover, we show that this effect is driven by a misconstrual of the effects of an apology. Perpetrators overestimate the potentially negative effects of apologizing while simultaneously underestimating the potentially positive effects of apologizing. This forecasting error may have a negative effect on the initiation of the reconciliation process, due to perpetrators believing that apologizing is more averse than it actually is. 相似文献
968.
Hanneke van Schooten 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2014,27(3):505-508
969.
970.