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961.
962.
Students who failed the Texas mandatory third grade reading test were followed through their sophomore year in high school. Comparisons of reading scores between third grade students who repeated the grade and their socially promoted classmates revealed that the positive effect of retention persisted over time. Retention in third grade benefited low‐performing readers regardless of race. Supplemental analyses found that the results are not likely attributable to selection biases, differential attrition of students from the panel, changes in the special education status of students, and regression to the mean effects. Making students repeat a grade, when supplemented with additional educational assistance, can benefit academically challenged children. 相似文献
963.
964.
Bananas were the basis of the political economy of Dominica, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent during the 40 or so years from their
establishment as a crop in the 1950s to the beginning of their decline in the 1990s. Because of successive shifts in European
Union policy and successful challenges within the World Trade Organization to the protectionist regime that banana production
in these islands enjoyed throughout this period, these three small Eastern Caribbean countries are being pushed inexorably
into the “post-banana” era. Their efforts to find a new niche within the global political economy are being led in each case
by new, modernizing, labor party governments that won elections and came into office during a brief four-year period between
1997 and 2001. Each government faces the same broad development challenge, but employs different resources, leadership skills,
and political style. At the same time, each can be said to be pursuing what is best described as a kind of “managerial populist”
development. The range of development options faced by these islands is narrow in the extreme, but they have shown that they
can still exercise some limited room to move forward into the post-banana era.
Anthony Payne is professor of politics, at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom. He was the managing editor of
the journalNew Political Economy from 1996 to 2005. He is the author of several books and articles on the Caribbean and on development and globalization.
The most recent includeCharting Caribbean Development (University Press of Florida, 2001), co-authored with Paul Sutton;The Global Politics of Unequal Development (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005); and, as editor,Key Debates in New Political Economy (Routledge, 2006).
The author would like to thank the Nuffield Foundation for supporting fieldwork in Dominica, St. Lucia, and St., Vincent in
July 2004. 相似文献
965.
Anthony J. Langlois 《Human Rights Review》2005,6(2):5-24
Conclusion In his book, World Poverty and Human Rights, Pogge sets out to articulate an approach to basic justice that is inversal and cosmopolitan. This notion of justice is to
be articulated through the language of human rights. Pogge’s arguments about justice, moral universalism and cosmopolitanism
are impressive and reward serious study. It is to be hoped. indeed, that many aspects of his argument might be adopted by
the elite ruling classes of world politics; they have much to offer in the project of creating a world that is humane for
all.
The issues that I have raised in the foregoing argument however are central to the integrity of Pogge’s project. I have argued,
in sum that it is not possible to advance a program for the expansion of justice and the implementation of human rights in
world politics without making an appeal to a specific account of the nature of justice and of human rights. The account that
informs Pogge’s argument is that of political liberalism, and this is an account that has much in its favor as a preferred
vehicle for justice in world politics. However, this account makes itself vulnerable when it argues for universal principles
without acknowledging their partisan and normative base. My argument has been that this issue is at the center of Pogge’s
attempt to isolate the conception of human rights he explicates, which he wants to serve as the language for his global ethical
universalism, from the ontological affirmations which make that conception of human rights possible, and which of necessity
tie human rights to a specific conception of the nature of the good for human persons and groups. The attempt to establish
a single, universal criterion of justice, and to express it in the language of human rights, is undermined from within for
as long as it fails to engage with ontological concerns. 相似文献
966.
Anthony Van Fossen 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2002,37(4):357-378
Since 1990 financial frauds have been associated with pseudo-states in thePacific Islands, particularly the Dominion of Melchizedek. The relative success of these schemes can be understood in terms of (i) the general atmosphere of overconfidence about financial dealings that prevailed during the decade to early 2000, (ii) Melchizedek's creation of opportunities for a growing mutually supportive network of fraudsters, (iii) this pseudo-state's identification with a rising global tide of secession and indigenous self-determination through its increasing involvement in a variety ofethnic nationalist movements in Oceania that have been connected with questionable financial dealings, and (iv) the attractiveness of its developing postmodern personality as a libertarian cyber-state. The article concludes by seeing Melchizedek's facilitation of financialfrauds as a challenge to recent libertarian thinking about the law of cyberspace and the anticipated neo-medieval world-system. 相似文献
967.
968.
969.
Anthony J. Micucci 《Journal of criminal justice》2005,33(5):487
This article examines police officers' perceptions and tolerance of abuse of force. Data were collected from 3,230 sworn personnel in thirty American departments. Officers rated the seriousness of an excessive force violation, their support for discipline, and their willingness to report such misconduct. Novice officers, highly experienced veterans, and supervisory personnel were more likely than officers with moderate levels of experience to view excessive force as serious and worthy of more severe discipline. Officers in these groups also indicated greater willingness to report such incidents. 相似文献
970.
The literature of negotiation and conflict resolution continues to build on and move away from traditional emphases on transactions and decision making. Topics such as the impact of culture on negotiation once aroused debate but are no longer even controversial. Enough scholars in our large and multidisciplinary field have benefited from the insights of complementary social sciences so that few serious scholars or practitioners doubt that identity and culture are dynamic factors affecting negotiations. Some have moved beyond the quest for distributional efficiency that characterized so much early research and now advocate nothing less than social transformation and empowerment through conflict resolution methodologies. Several recent contributions to the negotiation literature—Negotiating Globally, and Reaching for Higher Ground in Conflict Resolution—are evidence that literature in the field is pushing new frontiers.Anthony Wanis-St. John: His courses include Cross-Cultural Negotiation and the Palestinian-Israeli Peace Process. He was a PON doctoral fellow 1999-2001. He is a practicing mediator and facilitator. 相似文献