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141.
This paper discusses the implications of the recent adoption of interactive forms of governance in Dutch urban policy. Advocates of this new approach claim that interactive governance will have positive effects for (1) the quality of urban democracy and urban governability and (2) for the solution of the information problems inherent in coping with (wicked) urban problems. On the basis of an extensive evaluation of the implementation of the new policies in four of the 25 Dutch municipalities involved, these claims are critically assessed. 相似文献
142.
Johan C. Van Bruggen Jacob P. Scheele Don F. Westerheijden 《European Journal for Education Law and Policy》1998,2(2):155-163
The authors report on West European trends in follow-up arrangements of national quality assurance procedures. They argue
that external quality assurance ought to adopt a broader conception of quality than is now often the case. Next, the general
public ought to have a guarantee that external quality assurance is valid (through meta-evaluation) and has consequences (through
follow-up arrangements). Follow-up currently is not well developed in many European countries in a formal sense, but is receiving
more attention as external quality assurance is maturing. Finally, the authors link national quality assurance to the European
dimension; an international network could fulfil important functions in making quality assurance transparent and credible
across Europe.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
143.
The article outlines a simple thesis: that international investmentarbitration pursuant to regional and bilateral investmenttreaties offers the clearest example of global administrativelaw, strictly construed, yet to have emerged. We present thisthesis by explicating four key features of investment treaties:they permit investor claims against the state without exhaustinglocal remedies; they allow claims for damages; they allow investorsto directly seek enforcement of awards before domestic courts;and they facilitate forum-shopping. Our argument is that, owingto this unique conjunction of features, the regulatory conductof states is, to an unusual extent, subject to control throughcompulsory international adjudication. Having highlighted thesefeatures, we then claim that investment arbitration is bestanalogized to domestic administrative law rather than to internationalcommercial arbitration, especially since investment arbitrationengages disputes arising from the exercise of public authorityby the state as opposed to private acts of the state. Further,we claim that the linkages between investment arbitration anddomestic legal systems are more direct and more closely integratedthan other forms of international adjudication in the publicsphere. For these reasons, we argue that the emerging regimeof investment arbitration is to be understood as constitutingan important and powerful manifestation of global administrativelaw. 相似文献
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This article investigates the hypothesis that 19th-century working class families in Leuven, Belgium, were controlling their fertility by means of birth spacing for household economic reasons. Detailed life-course data were collected in order to construct, on one hand, a set of covariates that represent the influences of natural fertility on birth intervals and, on the other, a number of family variables that represent the hypothetical, household economic motivation to space births. The findings strongly suggest that birth intervals were not merely a function of natural fertility differences and that family strategic spacing behavior also played a role. 相似文献
148.
Anthony Long 《澳大利亚政治与历史杂志》2002,48(1):72-84
The crimes committed by National Socialist Germany during the Second World War place Germany in a unique position for the Holocaust denial movement, and combine its so-called "academic" aspect with its political core. In no other country has the movement attracted so much publicity for its pernicious mixture of lies, distortions and half-truths as it has in Germany since the late 1980s. The introduction of laws in 1985 and 1994 that target " die Auschwitzlüge " (Auschwitz-Lie) changed the frequency of Holocaust denial in German public life, if not its nature. This article is an analysis of the German Holocaust denial movement since 1988, with an emphasis on the most important individuals and events that have influenced the movement's direction in this period. It also includes an examination of the laws that seek to stop its spread. 相似文献
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