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251.
Emilio J. de la Higuera-Molina Ana M. Plata-Díaz Antonio M. López-Hernández 《Local Government Studies》2019,45(2):175-195
A major question for public managers is whether municipal services should be rendered in-house or contracted out. In view of the negative perceptions often aroused by contracting out, this political decision might be framed within a theoretical model that we term ‘dynamic-opportunistic behaviour’. According to this model, the probability of municipal services being contracted out is greater in the years immediately following elections; moreover, during this period the decision is taken more quickly. In this theoretical model, not all factors (budgetary, economic, political, service characteristics and socio-economic) have an equal impact on the contracting-out decision during each year of the electoral cycle. The model was applied to a sample of 2,274 Spanish municipalities, with respect to a broad time horizon (2002–2014), and the results obtained confirm our hypotheses regarding dynamic-opportunistic behaviour in the contracting out of local public services. 相似文献
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253.
Inverse Productivity or Inverse Efficiency? Evidence from Mexico 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Using a unique panel data set from rural Mexico, we find strong evidence of a negative relationship between farm size and both productivity and technical efficiency: large farms not only have a lower value of output per hectare than small farms, they also produce further from the efficiency frontier. Our findings suggest that, in spite of the ongoing transformation of agricultural supply chains and economists’ recommendations for small farmers to exit crop production, there may be sustained advantages for smallholder farms. Our analysis offers new insights into inverse-farm size relationship, the productivity–efficiency relationship, and the use of stochastic frontier techniques. 相似文献
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257.
Antonio M. Díaz Fernández 《Intelligence & National Security》2013,28(2):223-244
The functioning and composition of the Spanish Intelligence Community is not regulated in detail by any legal regulations, and neither the intelligence service nor the government have specified these despite the repeated references they make to them. This article sets out to establish what actually constitutes the Intelligence Community in Spain; thus, after a brief theoretical discussion in which the two major categories of members – consumers and producers – are identified, a model of the intelligence community in Spain is set forth on the basis of the interrelations between its members and their roles in the decision-making process. In its preparation, besides analyzing the existing legislation, 52 interviews were carried out with individual participants in all the structures, so as to reach an understanding of the role played by each one, to evaluate its performance and to propose some guidelines for improvement. 相似文献
258.
Robert D. Cruz J. Antonio Villamil 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2000,34(4):100-122
This article examines the status of small business development in Cuba through 1999, and evaluates the potential future of
small enterprises in a Cuban transition to democracy and capitalism. In any transition to democracy and capitalism, small
enterprise development is highly desirable, if not essential, for creating a growing and sustainable economy. We attempt to
elucidate the complex issues that will shape the development of small enterprises in Cuba's eventual transition to a market
economy, as well as outline the relevant experiences of other economies in similar situations and provide suggestions for
future internal and external policymakers working to further small business interests in Cuba. Special emphasis is placed
on the obstacles grounded in human behaviors that are incompatible with a globally competitive market economy.
J. Antonio Villamill, former U.S. undersecretary of commerce and director of Florida's Office of Tourism, Trade and Economic
Development, is president of Washington Economics Group, Inc. 相似文献
259.
Antonio Rodríguez‐Carmona 《Development in Practice》2004,14(3):354-365
The evaluation of development NGOs has seldom considered their impact on social capital and local organisational learning. Deeply intertwined, both are key dimensions of the long‐term impact of development interventions. Studies have highlighted the relative success of NGOs in poverty reduction, but have been critical of the sustainability of the benefits and of NGOs' failure to strengthen institutions. This paper analyses the experience of a sustainable natural resources management project coordinated by CARE in Villa Serrano, Bolivia, between 1993 and 2000. The article compares the outcome of a traditional evaluation with that of an impact evaluation, which allows us to identify significant flaws. The article concludes by reflecting on the limitations of traditional intervention approaches and on the need to rethink the strategic role of NGOs. 相似文献
260.
Antonio García Lorenzo 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2003,15(3):251-261
Most of the economic models that analyse the behaviour of interest groups in the policy making process uphold the idea that there are many organized groups that compete, with the aim of achieving their individual goals. The adoption of decisions is the result of a complex system of strategic interactions, and since different groups have different resources at their disposal this makes it easier for one or more groups to influence whether or not a policy is adopted. This research demonstrates that an institutional system such as the European Union (EU) should be able to protect us from the potential manipulation, which accompanies these channels of influence. 相似文献