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271.
The Limits of Theoretical Integration 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
David G. Wagner 《Social Justice Research》2007,20(3):270-287
The integration of theoretical knowledge is often seen as the ultimate goal of research activity in the social sciences. In
this article I explore limits in the form and degree to which our knowledge can be integrated, as well as limits in the worth
and desirability of some kinds of integration. Most of the analysis depends on drawing two kinds of distinctions in theoretical
activity—between theoretical and metatheoretical work and among different types of integration in each kind of work. Using
primarily examples from theory and research on justice issues, I articulate three different ways in which work at the theoretical
level can be integrated. Each type represents a distinct kind of knowledge development, requires different criteria of evaluation,
and involves a varying degree of difficulty to achieve. Nevertheless, each of these types of integration is well worth pursuing.
Justice research shows evidence of work involving all three types. Using a somewhat broader range of examples, I also distinguish
three different ways in which metatheoretical work might be integrated. Again, each type is quite distinct and should be evaluated
in different ways. However, each of these types is significantly more difficult to achieve than any of the types of theoretical
integration. Moreover, I suggest that the last metatheoretical type—involving the integration of entire strategies, perspectives
or schools of thought—is probably not even a desirable goal. As a consequence of these analyses, I recommend (1) that social
scientists in general (and justice researchers in particular) focus most of our attention on one or another of the types of
theoretical integration, and (2) that we articulate clearly which type of integration we are pursuing and evaluate our success
at the effort using only the appropriate criteria.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Social Justice Conference in Bremen, Germany, 10–12 March 2005.
相似文献
David G. WagnerEmail: |
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Tamara Wagner 《Journal of Australian Studies》2016,40(1):45-58
This essay analyses Lilian Turner's Three New Chum Girls (1910) to show how settler authors played with colonial clichés as part of a critical reaction to shifting imperialist and nationalist ideologies at the turn of the century. In particular, Turner redefines the derogatory colonial term “new chum”—commonly used to describe a recent emigrant in the settler colonies—to suggest what the welcome of new arrivals ought to be like. Yet if her deliberate reworking of stereotypes consequently contains an element of wish-fulfilment, the narrative also offers a startlingly stark portrayal of settler life. Emigration, Turner contends in the novel, is neither easy nor a solution to problems at home. Nor does settler Australia provide a convenient space for fortune-seeking sojourns. Turner thus dismantles two clusters of common clichés: emigration as a pat ending in fiction and settlers' return to the homeland as an equally expedient plot twist. The self-irony that runs through much of her intertextual rewriting of both metropolitan fiction and male-coded settler writing reveals how emigration and return were being imagined and written about differently in the settler colonies and how Turner was utilising the exposure of false expectations to promote her vision of a welcoming settler community. 相似文献
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A. Jay Wagner 《Communication Law & Policy》2013,18(4):387-426
The 1986 Freedom of Information Act amendments were passed as a last-minute rider to Reagan-era War on Drugs legislation. The three pieces – a broad restructuring of Exemption 7, the law enforcement exemption; the addition of exclusions for law enforcement and intelligence requests; and introduction of a new fee structure – have had a lasting impact on FOIA implementation and contribute to the contemporary inability to affect police transparency. Review of the 1986 FOIA amendments’ legislative history documents the White House’s determination to loosen law enforcement oversight and congressional appeals to exaggerated fears of illicit drug users. The study considers the effect on judicial interpretation of Exemption 7, exploring decisions before and after the amendments, while also analyzing FOIA use and implementation patterns through a dataset of annual reports from 1975 until present. The analysis reveals a sharp increase in Exemption 7 claims and “no records” responses, both attributable to the 1986 FOIA amendments. 相似文献
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Dr. jur. Klaus Thomas 《Natur und Recht》2013,35(8):559-562
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