Black administrators and racial road blocks in public organizations: problems and recourse

Discussions in the representative bureaucracy literature have tacitly assigned the responsibility of representing the interests of blacks to individual black administrators. Relying on black employee groups (or solidarity groups) to represent the interests of blacks is ignored. The possibility that black members of organizations have a group interest to be represented is not considered in the literature.

Assigning there presentation responsibility to individual black administrators is rejected be cause of barriers that can be created by racial road blocks (to kenism and different perceptions of race relations). It is argued that solidarity groups are a more effective means of representing the interests of blacks. Assigning the responsibility to solidarity groups should: (1) neutralize the effects of racial road blocks; (2) limit individual representation activities and thus permit each black administrator to concentrate on job performance; and (3) shift the focus in there presentative bureaucracy literature away from the individual and start concentrating on the representation activities of solidarity groups.     

基于Stackelberg模型的社区财政投入博弈研究

本文以和谐社区的建设为出发点,研究了市、区两级财政对社区建设的投入结构问题;并借助Stackelberg博弈模型,推算分析了不同决策人的博弈策略,探求了博弈方合理化的社区建设资金投入配比,提出了完善公共财政社区投入的对策建议,以为政府管理部门科学配置财政经费提供决策参考。     

新韩国常识问答

跟以往相比，带着各种不同目的访问韩国的外国人迅速增加。体验过韩国的文化的外国人对于韩国的生活方式既感觉吸引又感觉困惑。韩文的字母到底有何特征？为什么韩国人不用刀而用剪刀切肉呢？对于以上这些问题，作者试图为韩国的日常生活和文化提供一个掠影式的解答。     

Florida's open meetings law and its effect on the policy making process in dade county: The administrative perspective

Open meetings laws are designed to make the process of governmental decision making more accessible to the general public. The objective of this study is to explore the views of key governmental officials on the operation and effects of Florida's open meetings (sunshine) law. The interviews uncovered considerable dissatisfaction with many of its provisions. Florida's sunshine law is one of the most comprehensive in the country and can provide insight on the potential effects of other state or local sunshine laws. The analysis is based upon the administrative perspective of city managers, city clerks and city attorneys in Dade County, Florida. This convenience sample of Dade County administrators perceives that significant costs are imposed by the operation of the sunshine law. There is a clear consensus that the presence of the media alters the process of policy making, increases the amount and degree of political posturing, increases the time to reach consensus, and inhibits the candor and openness of the deliberations. The respondents report that the open meeting provisions are so burdensome that council and board members routinely violate its provisions in order to discuss sensitive issues in private.     

Private provision of public services: Contracting by large local governments

This study examines public service delivery by counties and municipalities of over 500,000 popula tion, through the practice of contracting out with the publicsector. It is based on responses to a question naire sent to purchasing officials in American and Canadian cities, counties, and state governments Results indicate the types of services contracted out the frequency of contracting out, procedures utilized and administrative attitudes. We find that a diverse group of non-professional,non-construction services are being provided by private contractors for these jurisdictions, but the jurisdictions are not providing a majority or even a significant portion of their services in this manner.     

公私伙伴关系:匹兹堡的治理之道

匹兹堡地区是美国采用公私伙伴关系治理公共事务的成功典范。1943年,匹兹堡地区在政治家劳伦斯和银行家梅隆主导下成立了阿莱格尼社区发展会议(ACCD),建立起公私伙伴关系的制度平台。通过这种公私伙伴关系治理模式,匹兹堡在20世纪40-60年代解决了环境污染和基础设施落后的问题,在20世纪80年代成功实现了产业转型,20世纪90年代以来,促进了经济发展和就业。匹兹堡的公私伙伴关系治理模式植根于美国政治、经济和社会体制之中,具有制度化与机会主义的双重特点。