印度河流域文明消亡的现代启示

印度河流域文明是世界最古老的文明之一,发展水平相当高,但却很快地消失了,而且几乎没对继之而起的另一个文明产生明显的影响.前人对其消失的原因做出多种解释,但都存在不足.造成这一文明消亡的最重要的原因有二一是人类对自然的过度开发,造成生态环境严重恶化,最终危及文明本身;二是上层建筑发展滞后于经济发展.这种教训对以可持续发展为主旋律的现代社会来说有重要的启示.     

近年来公共管理理论研究回顾与展望

新世纪以来,随着欧美各国政府公共管理改革的深入推进,公共管理理论研究进入"第六波"发展浪潮。当前,公共管理研究呈现出新的理念与发展趋势,主要表现在:研究视野从新公共管理(NPM)转向新公共治理(NPG);研究重心从强调"管理"要素转向"公共"要素;行动主体转向科层制与市场的结合体———网络。展望后危机时代,全球公共管理发展将面临系列共同挑战,出现新的主题与研究方向:全球化3.0时代的比较公共管理和全球公共管理研究;处理全球复杂公共事务问题的协同治理和网络治理;Web2.0信息技术时代的数字治理等。     

Macro versus micro remedies for alienation in the workplace

Manifestations of alienation are ubiquitous in modern society and are not limited to the workplace. The paradigm of alienation as delineated by Karl Marx is a valuable tool for understanding this phenomenon at societal and organizational levels. In addition, comprehension of this model can assist decision-makers in formulating better diagnoses and more effective solutions.

A review of the major points of Marx's three forms of alienation is described as a basis for examining the manifestations of alienation in society and the workplace. Subsequently, the author indicates societal solutions offered by selected scholars.

In examining the problem of estrangement in the workplace, it is clear that managers could identify the forces causing alienation more precisely through an understanding of Marx's paradigm. This knowledge would enable managers to select appropriate remedies to ameliorate the condition.

What the workers want most, as more than 100 studies in the past 20 years show, is to become masters of their immediate environments and to feel that their work and they themselves are important--the twin ingredients of self-esteem. Workers recognize that some of the dirty jobs can be transformed only into the merely tolerable, but the most oppressive features of work are felt to be avoidable: constant supervision and coercion, lack of variety, monotony, meaningless tasks, and isolation. An increasing number of workers want more autonomy in tackling their tasks, greater opportunity for increasing their skills, rewards that are directly connected to the intrinsic aspects of work, and greater participation in the design of work and the formulation of their tasks.

--Work in America     

Social mobility in rural Russia, 1995–2003

Using panel survey data from three Russian villages, this article examines rural social mobility in post-communist Russia. The article finds that contemporary rural social mobility is different from that which existed during the Soviet period. During the Soviet period, rural social mobility was linked to changes in profession and the direction of mobility was primarily upward. In the post-Soviet period, rural mobility is linked to increasing income differentiation and inequality. In the post-communist period, both upward and downward social mobility have occurred. The article examines the characteristics of upwardly and downwardly mobile households. It then analyses the factors that affect mobility through regression analysis of human capital and behavioural models. The article concludes that household labour continues to have the single greatest causal effect on rural mobility.     

试析伊朗核问题的困境与走势

2011年11月8日,国际原子能机构公布报告认为,伊朗核计划可能具有军事用途,使伊朗核问题再次成为国际社会关注的焦点。伊朗核问题实质上是美国与伊朗围绕各自的国家战略目标进行的战略博弈,双方从战略互信的缺失发展到战略疑虑的加剧。新一轮伊朗核问题与当前复杂的中东局势交织在一起,加剧了地区的紧张局势。尽管目前的伊核问题形势复杂,但对相关各方来说,通过和平手段解决矛盾与冲突仍是最可行、也是最现实的方式。     

绝对法律关系初论

法律关系是抽象的观念,是观念对现实的反映,是思想意志通过法律对现实秩序的规制、维护。绝对法律关系并非停留在法律规定的层面,它是现实的法律关系。它的形成,须有具体的法律事实。应当将法律关系的模型与法律关系相区分。绝对法律关系的权利主体是特定的,而义务主体是一切人,一切人都在秩序之中。绝对法律关系就是绝对权法律关系,其客体是不行为,绝对法律关系的意义在于对抗,而不在于给付。同一法律事实可同时产生相对法律关系和绝对法律关系,这是共生现象。相对法律关系的给付,可产生绝对法律关系。     

论“二级识别”现象存在的客观性——以《鹿特丹规则》为视角

传统观念认为,识别作为法院进行法律选择适用的前提步骤存在于冲突法中,是适用冲突规范前需要处理的特殊问题。联合国《全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》首次从国际公约的层面对承运人和货物控制方的识别问题进行了统一规定。这说明识别与识别冲突不仅存在于冲突规范的选择适用中,而且存在于准据法的选择适用领域。二级识别现象是客观存在的,应当重视研究二级识别问题。