外国刑法中犯罪成立要件的实质化

罪刑法定主义应当是形式与实质的统一,以此为基础的犯罪概念和犯罪成立要件也必然具有形式与实质的内容。不同法系的国家实现犯罪成立要件实质化的途径各有千秋。     

Criticizing the image of the student as consumer: examining legal trends and administrative responses in the US and UK1

There is widespread concern that higher education is being compromised by being turned into a ‘commodity’ to be ‘consumed’. This article represents an initial attempt to explore the trends in both the UK and US, and considers how the law has responded to them. It argues, however, that there is an important distinction to be drawn between ‘commodification’ and ‘consumerism’. Education has always been a commodity to be bought and sold; the true danger lies in the move to a ‘rights-based’ culture where students (and politicians) see education merely as something to be ‘consumed’ rather than as an activity in which to participate. Whilst the law seems thus far to have been something of a bulwark against this movement, it remains an open question as to whether this will continue to be the case if HEIs do not themselves act more proactively in challenging this damaging view of higher education.     

Der Vollzug des Antarktis-Schutzes in Deutschland

Weit weg und mittlerweile doch sehr nah liegt die Antarktis, wenn es um Klima- und Umweltschutz geht. Forschung und Tourismus strapazieren den au?ergew?hnlichen Naturraum. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, mit welchen Steuerungsans?tzen Deutschland seinen Verpflichtungen zum Antarktisschutz gerecht werden will. Ausgehend von einigen Informationen über den 6. Kontinent (A.) werden die unterschiedlichen Interessenkonflikte rund um Nutzung und Schutz der Antarktis illustriert (B.). Im Anschluss daran wird der zugeh?rige internationale und nationale Rechtsrahmen kurz vorgestellt (C.), ehe verschiedene Facetten des deutschen Ausführungsgesetzes n?her beleuchtet werden (D.). Flankierend wird neben dem Ordnungsrecht eine gute fachliche Praxis in Form eines Leitfadens als Element nichtrechtlicher Steuerung genutzt (E.). Der Beitrag schlie?t mit Fazit und Ausblick (F.).     

Race and Ethnicity: Responsible Use from Epidemiological and Public Health Perspectives

While the concepts of race and ethnicity have been abused historically, they are potentially invaluable in epidemiology and public health. Epidemiology relies upon variables that help differentiate populations by health status, thereby refining public health and health care policy, and offering insights for medical science. Race and ethnicity are powerful tools for doing this. The prerequisite for their responsible use is a society committed to reducing inequalities and inequities in health status. When this condition is met, it is irresponsible not to utilize these concepts.     

Police chiefs’ and students’ attitudes about the Miranda warnings

Several studies had concluded that the police subculture holds values and attitudes that are distinct from the rest of the population. Among these values is a focus on law and order. While researchers agree that police tend to hold different values, they disagree on the source of the attitudes. Some had argued that the attitudes reflected differences regarding who was recruited for law enforcement careers while others said that the differences reflected changes that occurred to individuals after becoming officers. This study examined whether police officers and students enrolled in criminal justice/sociology classes held similar or different attitudes towards the Miranda warnings. The findings suggested that in some ways, the two groups perceived the warnings in dramatically different ways, while in other ways their differences were simply a matter of degree. Implications are provided.