推进行政执法改革,提升地方政府合法性

在社会转型期,任何一种政治体系都不同程度地面临着合法性危机问题.传统的行政执法方式严重地制约着地方政府合法性的提升、与社会主义和谐社会建设目标相背离.因此,推进行政执法改革,是解决地方政府合法性危机的关键.     

中国农村发展与农村土地制度改革

农村土地制度改革是城镇化与农业现代化发展的客观要求。该文通过深入分析中国城镇化过程中的城乡土地利用格局,阐述了古今中外农村土地制度设计的基本原则,提出应有限度地放开农村土地市场,以满足利用市场机制有效配置土地资源的要求,但必须以保障农地生产功能为前提,严格防止土地过度资本化可能带来的弊端。     

Korean elites: Social networks and power

During the period of rapid industrialisation, Korean business elites sought to establish a ruling alliance of state officials, politicians, business owners, and professional managers that formed a social coalition to influence the state and society as a whole, reinforced through extensive social and political networks with various ruling groups. The elite community has generated a high degree of self-recruitment and social closure through school, marriage and kinship networks. In this way, the leading sector of the Korean business elite has formed complex, often contingent, relations with the state elite, and acts as an integral part of the upper class in society.     

05式警用转轮手枪弹壳接触DNA检验方法的比较

目的比较05式警用转轮手枪弹壳表面接触性DNA检验方法,为实际检验提供参考和借鉴。方法制备40例击发后手枪弹壳的模拟样本,分别用两步转移法提取弹壳表面不同部位检材,采用两种DNA提取法和两种扩增试剂盒对样本进行STR分型检验,比较评价检验结果。结果避开发射药残留区域采用两步转移法提取样本,有助于提高检出率;Chelex-100联合Microcon-100法提取模板DNA的产量最高可达1.18ng,高于Mini M48试剂盒法(0.91ng);MiniFilerTM试剂盒的等位基因检出率(23.61%)高于IdentifilerTM试剂盒(6.41%)。结论采用选择适当区域提取检材,采用Chelex-100联合Microcon-100法提取DNA,经MiniFilerTM试剂盒扩增,进行弹壳接触DNA分型的效果较好。     

开放的事实——并及我国《刑事诉讼法》的修订问题

在西方,尽管自中世纪以来人们就已经意识到司法过程中的事实根本上是一个裁量的问题,但直到现实主义法学的勃兴,这种认识方始成为一种普遍的社会共识。然而,迄今为止,包括现实主义法学在内的各种理论似乎都没有从逻辑上对事实的自由裁量本质展开系统的分析、证成。艾柯的"开放的作品"理论为这项任务的完成提供了足够的启示:之所以事实具有自由裁量的本质,就在于它是一种彻底的开放的作品。对这一结论的证成,除了有利于澄清理论上的相关争议外,也为我国刑事诉讼立法提供了一个反思和进一步完善的支点。     

法律高等职业教育实践性教学方法探析

法律高等职业教育所培养的专科层次的人才是应用型和辅助型的法律职业专门人才。它在职业技能的要求上有其特殊性 ,这种特殊性决定了其教学方法应具有更强的职业性和实践性。本文认为应加强法律高职教育教学中专业见习法、专业 (毕业 )实习法、模拟法庭教学法、社会调查法和案例跟踪教学法等教学法的运用 ,以全方位、多渠道地提高学生的专业素养和实际应用与操作能力 ,培养学生的创造精神和创新能力。     

展呈H5N1亚型禽流感病毒M2e表位鞭毛蛋白的构建及其免疫原性

以重组质粒pET-fliC和pUC57-M2e2为模板,通过重叠PCR将M2e2基因插入fliC的高变区域,构建嵌合鞭毛基因片段fliC/M2e2。将fliC/M2e2片段插入原核表达载体pET30a+,获得重组质粒pET-fliC/M2e2,将其转化鼠伤寒沙门氏菌LB5000,获得重组菌LB5000(fliC/M2e2)。应用P22噬菌体转导技术,将fliC/M2e2基因导入都柏林沙门氏菌SL5928的基因组中,经生化血清学鉴定、动力学测定、透射电镜观察、Western-blot分析,将阳性转导菌命名为SL5928(fliC/M2e2)。提取重组菌鞭毛蛋白fliC/M2e2作用HEK293-mTLR5细胞,能刺激细胞分泌IL-8。将fliC/M2e2通过皮下注射途径免疫C3H/HeJ小鼠,50μg/只。结果显示,二免后第14天,fliC/M2e2鞭毛蛋白免疫组的血清抗体效价与对照组之间呈现显著性差异(P<0.05)。ELISPOT结果表明,在脾细胞中,fliC/M2e2鞭毛蛋白免疫组检测到较高水平的IFN-γ和IL-4分泌细胞,且免疫应答以Th1型为主。结果表明,构建的fliC/M2e2嵌合基因能够在沙门氏菌中表达,重组嵌合鞭毛蛋白fliC/M2e2能激发机体针对M2e表位的体液免疫应答和Th1型细胞免疫应答。     

氯氮平及其代谢物在人血液中的药代动力学研究

目的研究氯氮平及其代谢物在人血液中的药代动力学和检出时限,为氯氮平中毒的法医学鉴定提供实验依据。方法 29名太原汉族人口服12.5mg氯氮平后不同时间采集肘静脉血,固相萃取法提取,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪分析,MRM(多反应离子检测)记录方式,保留时间和定性离子对定性,内标法和标准曲线法定量检测其中氯氮平、去甲氯氮平、氮氧氯氮平含量,3p97药代动力学软件拟合C-T数据,计算药代动力学参数。结果口服12.5mg氯氮平后,氯氮平、去甲氯氮平、氮氧氯氮平在血中动力学过程均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,达峰时间分别为2.96±1.32h、8.65±3.00h、9.31±26.38h,达峰浓度分别为34.68±9.32ng/mL、11.16±4.15ng/mL、9.62±13.88ng/mL,半衰期分别为17.02±23.63h、27.06±12.58h、41.27±29.75h,血中检出时限分别为81.72±26.19h、93.21±29.40、19.93±14.62h。结论口服氯氮平后氯氮平及其代谢物去甲氯氮平、氮氧氯氮平的药物动力学符合一级吸收二室开放模型,模型和参数可以为氯氮平的法医学鉴定提供实验依据。     

Age estimation of Korean adults by occlusal tooth wear

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the modified Kim's scoring system as a practical method of recording occlusal tooth wear and estimating age. For this purpose, 1092 pairs of maxillary and mandibular full-arch casts were randomly selected, scored, and analyzed. The results showed that the modified Kim's scoring system had excellent reliability, and that occlusal tooth wear had a positive correlation with age. Tooth wear scores of all teeth except the two lower central incisors were higher in males than in females. Calculating tables for age estimation were designed by multiple linear regression analysis. Estimated ages were within +/-5 years of actual ages in 63.5% of male subjects, and 64.0% of female subjects. The accuracy of age estimation was increased when the subjects were divided into two age groups and data were re-analyzed. Collectively, it was shown that the modified Kim's scoring system is a reliable and accurate method for age estimation, and that the data from these 1092 individuals can be used as a standard for age estimation of Korean adults.     

The application of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase II gene for the identification of forensically important blowflies in Western China

Blowflies found on human corpses are important for the estimation of the postmortem interval and other questions of forensic relevance. Some of these species are difficult to differentiate morphologically, and therefore a molecular method was elaborated for species identification. Here, we describe a molecular method for rapid identification of these insects. Specific insect DNA fragments were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct DNA sequencing of the amplification products. Analysis of the cytochrome oxidase II sequences revealed abundant phylogenetically informative nucleotide substitutions that could identify blowfly species to species group. In contrast, because of the low level of sequence divergence of sister species, the data could not distinguish among taxa from the same species group, ie, the species within the Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina groups. The molecular data support the existing species group separation of the taxa within the Calliphora. Because of the speed and accuracy of current nucleotide sequencing technology and the abundant apomorphic substitutions available from mtDNA sequences, this approach enables quick identification of species used for estimation of postmortem interval.