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321.
322.
Alex Matheson 《公共行政管理与发展》1998,18(4):349-363
This article describes the evolution of New Zealand's approach to the strategic direction of its public service during a decade of reform. Problems of atomization and short-termism which emerged from the first phase of reform were addressed through the adaptation of the Cabinet and central agency processes for policy, budget and management. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
323.
The worldwide expansion in the use of private firms to deliver public services and infrastructure has promoted a substantial literature on public sector contract and relationship management. This literature is currently dominated by the notion that supplier relationships should be based upon trust. Less prominent are more sceptical approaches that emphasize the need to assiduously manage potential supplier exploitation and opportunism. This article addresses this imbalance by focusing upon the recent experience of the English National Health Service (NHS) in its dealings with its nursing agencies. Between 1997 and 2001, the NHS was subjected to considerable exploitation and opportunism. This forced managers to adopt a supply strategy based upon an assiduous use of e-auctions, framework agreements and quality audits. The article assesses the effectiveness of this strategy and reflects upon whether a more defensive approach to contract and relationship management offers a viable alternative to one based upon trust. 相似文献
324.
Alex Statiev 《欧亚研究》2010,62(5):721-747
This article compares German and Soviet ideas behind raising penal units on the Eastern Front during World War II and their employment in combat, but focuses on Soviet practice. In an attempt to tighten discipline in the Red Army, Stalin adopted the basic draconian measures used by Leon Trotsky, his most bitter rival, during the Civil War of 1918–1922 but he considerably intensified the scale and scope of repressions thus elevating the brutality on the Eastern Front to new heights.
U strafnikov odin zakon, odin konets:
Koli, rubi fashistskogo brodyagu!
I esli ne poimaesh v grud’ svinets,
Medal’ na grud’ poimaesh ‘Za otvagu’.
[Penal soldiers know only one law:
Kill the fascist bastard!
And if you remain alive,
You will get a medal ‘For Valour’.]
(Vladimir Vysotsky, Shtrafnye batal'ony[Penal Battalions])