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431.
Crime, Law and Social Change - Email spam is one of the primary means to facilitate the perpetration of internet fraud and the distribution of malware. The present research sought to examine the... 相似文献
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In this study, we examined whether and to what extent the effects on offending of marriage and different types of cohabitating partnerships depend on the romantic partner's socioeconomic status (SES). Such research addresses a key gap in knowledge regarding potential heterogeneity of effects on behavior of romantic partnerships. Drawing on the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we examined the within‐individual effects of three romantic partner's socioeconomic characteristics–education, employment, and income–on offending from ages 18 to 34. Results revealed that marriage was related to reductions in arrest only for those whose spouse was employed (full or part time) and had income. In contrast to marriage, partner SES was not related to arrest among those who cohabited with a partner they never married. Additionally, partner SES was often associated with reductions in arrest among those who cohabited with a partner they later married, but the reductions were statistically indistinguishable across levels of partner SES. Lastly, these effects were experienced similarly for low‐ and high‐SES individuals alike, and no gender differences were detected in these effects. Our findings suggest that important life events such as marriage and cohabitation can be behavior‐altering transitions, but the effects of these events are variable. 相似文献
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While juvenile justice policy in the United States has become more punitive in recent years, it remains unclear whether the public actually favors this response in lieu of more rehabilitation-oriented services. Public opinion polling generally shows that the public favors less punitive responses than policymakers often suppose, but significant questions remain about the accuracy of these perceptions generally, and in how they have been assessed in particular. Data from four states (Illinois, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Washington) aimed at assessing public preferences for rehabilitation and incarceration as a response to serious juvenile crime indicated that, for the most part, the public was willing to pay more in taxes for rehabilitation than incarceration. 相似文献
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Mark A. Cohen Alex R. Piquero Wesley G. Jennings 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2010,35(3):159-172
Research on criminal careers has examined distinct longitudinal patterns of offending across unique trajectories of offenders
and a recent study has linked the costs of criminal offending imposed by these unique trajectories, with a specific focus
on chronic offenders. In this study, we use longitudinal data from the Second Philadelphia Birth Cohort Study to examine the
extent to which the monetary costs of crime across distinct trajectories of crime vary across both gender and ethnicity. Results
indicate that male adolescent-peaked and low and high-rate chronic offending impose substantial costs, and the average costs
imposed on society by one male high-rate chronic offender is greater than 1.5 million. Although female chronic offending is rarer, these female offenders still impose greater than1.5 million. Although female chronic offending
is rarer, these female offenders still impose greater than 750,000 in costs on average. African-American chronic-offending
costs the most of any racial/ethnic trajectory group at greater than 1.6 million on average for each chronic offender. Hispanic chronic offending on average costs slightly more than1.6 million on average for each chronic offender. Hispanic
chronic offending on average costs slightly more than 200,000, and low-rate White offending costs greater than $100,000 on
average. Costs also appear to peak at different ages for males and females and for African-Americans, Hispanics, and Whites.
Policy implications and study limitations are also discussed. 相似文献
440.
Alex R. Piquero David P. Farrington Brandon C. Welsh Richard Tremblay Wesley G. Jennings 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2009,5(2):83-120
Based on evidence that early antisocial behavior is a key risk factor for delinquency and crime throughout the life course,
early family/parent training, among its many functions, has been advanced as an important intervention/prevention effort.
There are several theories concerning why early family/parent training may cause a reduction in child behavior problems including
antisocial behavior and delinquency (and have other ancillary benefits in non-crime domains over the life course). The prevention
of behavior problems is one of the many objectives of early family/parent training, and it comprises the main focus of this
review. Results indicate that early family/parent training is an effective intervention for reducing behavior problems among
young children, and the weighted effect size was 0.35. The results from a series of analog to the analysis of variance (ANOVA)
and weighted least squares regression models (with random effects) demonstrated that there were significant differences in
the effect sizes of studies conducted in the USA versus those conducted in other countries and that studies that were based
on samples smaller than 100 children had larger effect sizes. Sample size was also the strongest predictor of the variation
in the effect sizes. Additional evidence indicated that early family/parent training was also effective in reducing delinquency
and crime in later adolescence and adulthood. Overall, the findings lend support for the continued use of early family/parent
training to prevent behavior problems. Future research should test the main theories of early family/parent training and detail
more explicitly the causal mechanisms by which early family/parent training reduces delinquency and crime, and future evaluations
should employ high quality designs with long-term follow-ups, including repeated measures of antisocial behavior, delinquency,
and crime over the life course.
Alex R. Piquero is Professor of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland College Park, USA, Co-Editor of the Journal of Quantitative Criminology, and Executive Counselor with the American Society of Criminology. His research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. He is the recipient of several teaching, research, and mentoring awards. David P. Farrington is Professor of Psychological Criminology at Cambridge University, UK. His major research interests are in developmental criminology and delinquency prevention, and he has completed a number of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of criminological interventions. Brandon C. Welsh, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor in the College of Criminal Justice at Northeastern University, USA. He is an author or editor of seven books, including Saving Children from a Life of Crime: Early Risk Factors and Effective Interventions (Oxford University Press, 2007) and Preventing Crime: What Works for Children, Offenders, Victims, and Places (Springer, 2006). Richard E. Tremblay is Canada Research Chair in Child Development, Professor of Pediatrics/Psychiatry/Psychology, and Director of the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment at the University of Montreal, Canada. Since the early 1980s he has been conducting a program of longitudinal and experimental studies, focusing on the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children from conception onward, in order to gain a better understanding of the development and prevention of antisocial and violent behavior. Director of the Centre of Excellence for Early Child Development, he is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Molson Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Wesley G. Jennings, Ph.D is an assistant professor in the Department of Justice Administration at the University of Louisville, USA, and holds a Ph.D. in criminology from the University of Florida. His recent interests are primarily in the application of semi-parametric group-based modeling techniques to study behavioral trajectories over time. Some of his recent publications have appeared in Justice Quarterly, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Journal of Criminal Justice, Criminology and Public Policy, Deviant Behavior, and the Journal of Drug Issues. 相似文献
Alex R. PiqueroEmail: |
Alex R. Piquero is Professor of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland College Park, USA, Co-Editor of the Journal of Quantitative Criminology, and Executive Counselor with the American Society of Criminology. His research interests include criminal careers, criminological theory, and quantitative research methods. He is the recipient of several teaching, research, and mentoring awards. David P. Farrington is Professor of Psychological Criminology at Cambridge University, UK. His major research interests are in developmental criminology and delinquency prevention, and he has completed a number of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of criminological interventions. Brandon C. Welsh, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor in the College of Criminal Justice at Northeastern University, USA. He is an author or editor of seven books, including Saving Children from a Life of Crime: Early Risk Factors and Effective Interventions (Oxford University Press, 2007) and Preventing Crime: What Works for Children, Offenders, Victims, and Places (Springer, 2006). Richard E. Tremblay is Canada Research Chair in Child Development, Professor of Pediatrics/Psychiatry/Psychology, and Director of the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment at the University of Montreal, Canada. Since the early 1980s he has been conducting a program of longitudinal and experimental studies, focusing on the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children from conception onward, in order to gain a better understanding of the development and prevention of antisocial and violent behavior. Director of the Centre of Excellence for Early Child Development, he is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Molson Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Wesley G. Jennings, Ph.D is an assistant professor in the Department of Justice Administration at the University of Louisville, USA, and holds a Ph.D. in criminology from the University of Florida. His recent interests are primarily in the application of semi-parametric group-based modeling techniques to study behavioral trajectories over time. Some of his recent publications have appeared in Justice Quarterly, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Journal of Criminal Justice, Criminology and Public Policy, Deviant Behavior, and the Journal of Drug Issues. 相似文献