Book review: Criminal justice history and co‐corrections

Lawrence M. Friedman and Robert V. Percival, The Roots of Justice: Crime and Punishment in Alameda County, California, 1870–1910 Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 1981, 335 pp.

Charles Campbell, Serving Time Together: Men and Women in Prison Fort Worth, Texas Christian University Press, 1980, 237 pp.     

Open focus : implenenting projects in multi-organizational settings

Most managers charged with implementing projects in a complex, public/private partnership setting can cite cases of drastically changed, delayed, or thwarted community projects that at the outset seemed likely to proceed without a hitch. Although the specific context and project affect outcomes, the management approach toproject implementation also influences the degree of implementation difficulty and success. Implementation problems are likely to be compounded if the management approach is based upon a “traditional” hierarchical, stable organizational model. If, however, the arena is seen as the open, dynamic, amorphous, complex, “metaorganization” that it is, and management strategies appropriate to this arena are adopted, success is more likely. From the findings of a case study of project implementation in such a setting and interviews with more than forty community leaders emerged a conceptual model for this situation. This model, called the “Open Focus” model, is characterized by openness to the metaorganization, linking cormnunication, evocative leadership, and collaborative vision.     

The gendered geography of the english co-operative movement at the turn of the nineteenth century

Abstract

This article examines the gender politics of the English Cooperative Movement between 1880 and 1920 from the perspective of geographic space. It shows which sections of the country were most likely to exclude women from participating in the government of co-operative enterprises and offers explanations for their exclusion. Using numerical data compiled by the Women's Co-operative Guild to illustrate its points, the article finds that male co-operators in the north-west were more likely than those in the south to deny women access to management committees and national offices. It argues that men in the north-west countered women's demands for public roles with an increased insistence on domesticity for wives, and it attributes the more generous attitudes of male co-operators in the south to their need to attract women to their struggling stores as shoppers. In the north-west, Co-operation was prosperous and well established; men there had no need to curry the favor of working-class housewives to guarantee the success of their establishments     

Fatalities Due to Indigenous and Exotic Species in Florida

Florida's climate is suitable for many potentially hazardous animals, including both indigenous and exotic species, which are frequently kept as in zoos or as pets. This has resulted in many unforeseen fatal encounters between animals and the ever expanding human population. While the literature and knowledge pool for more common types of deaths referred to medical examiner/coroner's offices is abundant, the appreciation of wildlife and exotic pet‐related deaths is far less widespread. We report seven animal attack‐related deaths that occurred in Florida. The inflicted injuries included blunt and sharp force injuries, asphyxia, drowning, and envenomation. The underlying cause of death, however, was always a result of the human/animal interaction and in many cases related to human error and failure to appreciate the potentially dangerous behavior of nondomesticated species. These cases illustrate the varied circumstances and pathophysiologies associated with deaths due to indigenous and exotic species and the importance of the multidisciplinary approach in the medicolegal investigation of these cases.