Salient factor score and releasee behavior: Three validation samples

This paper provides an opportunity to observe the application of an actuarial device, used by the United States Parole Commission as an aid in parole selection, to three separate validation samples—each exceeding 1000 cases. Follow-up data for this study were provided through the cooperation of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In addition, evidence is presented which may shed light on the conflict in the literature regarding whether or not the rate of unfavorable outcome of released prisoners at risk actually declines substantially after the first year (i.e., whether or not the first year after release is really the most critical).Adapted from Report Fifteen, United States Parole Commission Research Unit, August 1977.     

Is there empirical evidence of a David E. carkut trend towards “managerialism”? A longitudinal study of six countries

Abstract: In the past decade, there has been a considerable amount written about the development of “managerialism” and the “new public management” (NPM) in the Western, primarily Westminster-type, democracies. There has even been some concern expressed that the trend towards managerialism, with its lack of emphasis on the acquisition of technical competence, may be undermining policy capacity and the career public service itself. This paper addresses the question of whether there has been a trend towards managerialism over time. Specifically, this paper looks at whether changes in three objective measures of “managerialism” - mobility, education, and management type - indicate a shift towards managerialism in the senior levels of selected departments in Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand, the United States and Mauritius, during the period between 1971 and 1991. There is little evidence of such a trend. There has been, however, a slight shift in the “management type” of senior bureaucrats towards administrative rather than towards technical expertise and an increase in the number of administratively managed departments. If there is a large scale shift towards managerialism, it must be manifested in improved management skills on the part of technical managers or in improved technical knowledge and skills on the part of administrative managers. Sommaire: Au cours de la dernière décennie, de nombreux auteurs ont examiné la montée du nouveau management public et des préoccupations de gestion dans les démocracies occidentales, surtout celles du type Westminster. Certains se sont dit inquiétés par la possibilité que cette tendance, qui met moins l'accent sur l'acquisition de compétences techniques, risque de miner la capacité de formuler des politiques et la Fonction publique de carrière. Dans cet article, on se demande si effectivement cette tendance s'est matérialisée au fil des années. Plus précisément, on y examine si l'évolution des trois mesures objectives du nouveau management public que sont la mobilité, la formation et le type de gestion, indique un changementaux niveaux supérieurs de certains ministères choisis, de 1971 à 1991, dans les pays suivants: Australie, Grande-Bretagne, Canada, Nouvelle-Zélande, États-Unis et l'lle Maurice. Selon l'auteur, une telle tendance ne semble pas avoir eu lieu. Cependant, il y a eu un léger glissement du «type de gestionnaire» supérieur vers la compétence administrative plutôt que technique, ainsi qu'une augmentation du nombre de ministères gérés suivant les principes du nouveau management public. Un déplacement massif vers ce dernier doit se manifester soit par de meilleures capacités de management chez les gestionnaires techniques, soit par de meilleures connaissances et aptitudes techniques chez les gestionnaires administratifs.     

Sex differences within the family: Studies of adolescent and parent family interactions

Sex differences in verbal family interactions were investigated in a group of 79 adolescents and parents from normal and psychiatric settings. The analyses were designed to study these differences in both generations, parent and adolescent. Parent and adolescent interactions with one another were observed in a semistructured, revealed-differences family discussion. All of the individual speeches were then scored with our Constraining and Enabling Coding System (CECS). Initial predictions involved both adolescent and parent differences. These hypotheses were only partially confirmed. The strongest findings pertained to parent sex differences, as we found strikingly higher levels of cognitive enabling speeches expressed by fathers and significantly more speeches addressed to fathers. We discuss several alternative interpretations of these findings. Perspectives included in our considerations are direction of effect and influences of task/context upon the expression of family sex differences.This study was supported through a grant from the National Institute of Child and Human Development (NICHD Grant No. R01 HD18684-02) and a Research Scientist Development Award No. 5 K-02-MH-70178 (Dr. Hauser) from the NIMH.Received M.D. from Yale University and Ph.D. from Harvard University (psychology). Currently studying family contexts of adolescent development.Received B.A. from Michigan University. Currently graduate student in organizational behavior, Northwestern University. Current interests are women and work.Received his Ph.D. from Boston University. Research interests are in methodology and statistics.Henry A. Murray Research Center of Radcliffe College. Received Ed. D. from Harvard University (School of Education). Currently studying family coping processes in response to stressful events.Received Ph.D. from Ohio State University (psychology). Current interests in assessing ego development and family systems.Parent-Place, Judge Baker Guidance Center. Received Ph.D. from the University of Miami (clinical psychology). Research interests are in family studies and adolescent development.Received M.D. from the University of Chicago. Currently studying psychological consequences of diabetes mellitus.the Children's Unit of McLean Hospital. Received Diploma Psych. from Freie Universitat, Berlin (clinical psychology), and Ed.D. from Harvard University (School of Education). Currently studying relationships between psychopathology and development among adolescent psychiatric patients.     

Treating children fairly

She is also affiliated with the Institute for Research on Poverty and the La Follette Institute of Public Affairs. She is spending this year at the Russell Sage Foundation writing a book (with Robert Haveman) on intergenerational determinants of success of young adults. She is author of numerous articles on health, education, government policies, and economics of the disabled.