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821.
Purpose
To expand conceptualizations of informal social control in social disorganization and collective efficacy theories to include responses to informal social control, and to examine neighborhood level predictors of responses to informal social control.Methods
The study uses surveys of approximately 2300 residents across 66 neighborhoods, supplemented with census data at the block group level.Results
Neighborhood mobility decreased the odds of positive responses to informal social control, measured as both “giving in” and “talking it out” when you have a disagreement with your neighbor. Disadvantage was found to decrease only the odds of “giving in.” Neighborhood level measures of social cohesion and faith in the police were also found to increase the odds of responding positively to informal social control efforts. In contrast, social ties were not found to significantly affect the likelihood of positive responses to informal social control.Conclusions
The findings from this study broaden support of collective efficacy theory and concepts related to efficacious neighborhoods. While previous studies have raised questions about the measurement of informal social control, the findings in this paper offer support to earlier studies by providing a different approach to the conceptualization and measurement of informal social control. 相似文献822.
Christopher J. Rogers Ph.D. Clara M.A. ten Broek Ph.D. Barbara Hodson Michael P. Whitehead Ph.D. Wera M. Schmerer Dr. rer. nat. Raul Sutton Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(6):1575-1582
Articular cartilage was examined to determine its decomposition sequence and its potential for assessing the postmortem interval. Scanning electron microscopy of articular cartilage from buried porcine trotters showed the presence of microcrystals on the synovial surface. These orthorhombic pyramidal or “coffin”‐shaped crystals, appeared at 3 weeks (22 days) after interment and disappeared after 6 weeks. The disappearance of these crystals was linked to decompositional changes to the integrity of the synovial joint. The formation and disappearance of these crystals was associated with a pH change at the cartilage surface. Scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) analysis showed that the five main elements contained within these crystals were carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, and phosphorous. Such elemental analysis suggested the crystals may be struvite (MgNH4PO46(H2O)). Bacteria cultured from the cartilage synovial surface produced struvite crystals when grown in suitable media and were identified by DNA analysis to be Comamonas sp. 相似文献
823.
To further our understanding of perpetrators of unwanted pursuit following the breakup on an intimate relationship, individual characteristics, jealousy, neuroticism, and attachment style, and relationship variables, satisfaction, investment, quality of alternatives, and commitment, were examined as correlates of unwanted pursuit, which was operationalized as pursuit and aggression. Anxious attachment, behavioral jealousy, neuroticism, and investment distinguished between pursuers and non-pursuers. Pursuit and aggression were positively correlated with behavioral jealousy, anxious attachment, neuroticism, and investment. Pursuit was also correlated with commitment and lack of alternatives. In multiple regressions, behavioral jealousy was a unique predictor of pursuit and aggression. Pursuit was also predicted by anxious attachment and aggression was predicted by investment. The roles of attachment, jealousy, and relationship variables in unwanted pursuit are discussed. 相似文献
824.
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse 《社会福利与家庭法律杂志》2014,36(4):358-369
This article compares laws and policies in Italy and the US regarding children's right to be heard and to engage in the life of the community. Italy has adopted a strong children's rights perspective, informed by the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The US, with its pre-modern constitution and resistance to international law, has been slow to recognise children's rights to voice and agency. The US Supreme Court has extended some due process rights to children in criminal court proceedings, but the US lags far behind Italy in recognition of children's rights to participate in civic life and collective decision-making. Child well-being rankings may reflect these differences in attitudes towards children's rights. Italy ranks significantly higher than the US on objective measures of child well-being and Italian children report superior peer and family relationships. 相似文献
825.
Marion Bogo Aron Shlonsky Barbara Lee Sarah Serbinski 《Journal of public child welfare》2014,8(1):70-93
Simulation-based training is often used to prepare health practitioners and is increasingly employed to train child welfare workers. This scoping review systematically searched the published and grey literature for studies that evaluated training for child welfare practitioners and used simulation methods that included standardized actors. Three studies met inclusion criteria, all documenting improvement in participants' use of specific skills. Other outcomes were mixed, possibly reflecting the heterogeneity of samples, study methods, measures, training of actors, theoretical frameworks, and content areas. Though results were mostly positive, the small number of studies indicates a substantial need for further research. 相似文献
826.
This exploratory study identifies patterns of multidisciplinary interactions and interventions that aim to improve outcomes
for juvenile sex offenders (JSOs). With a response rate of 63.45% at two major statewide conferences in Texas, data from 336
JSO service providers suggest that interactions among service providers should occur before the delivery of interventions.
Factor analyses indicated that Protocol (26%), Collaboration (17%), and Role Clarity (15%) explain 58% of the variance in
“Multidisciplinary Interactions,” while Counseling (13%), Treatment Placement (11%), and Self-Discipline (10%) explain 34%
of the variance in “Interventions.” Treatment staff preferred the implementation of cognitive and person-centered treatment
approaches. Additional research is needed to establish objectivity and increase awareness about the importance of service
diversity with a common goal within this multidisciplinary community. 相似文献
827.
Various reformulations of the Coase theorem have developed normative corollaries on the choice of optimal remedies in the
presence of positive transaction costs. In this article, we consider the extent to which these propositions are affected by
the presence of asymmetric transaction costs, and we offer a reformulation of the Coase theorem which takes into account asymmetrical
transaction costs. Our analysis combines several insights from the existing literature on property-type vesus liability-type
remedies, identifying the conditions for the superiority of each type of remedy. Further, we consider the possible use of
mixed remedies and identify the optimal scope of such solution. 相似文献
828.
829.