A. Reviews and notes of recent bibliographies

i. Middle East and Islam: A Bibliographical Introduction (Bibliotheca Asiatica 15). Edited by Diana Grimwood‐Jones, for the Middle East Libraries Committee [MELCOM]. Revised and enlarged edition. Zug, Inter Documentation Company, 1979. pp. ix, 429.

ii. Middle East Studies and Libraries. A Felicitation Volume for Professor J.D. Pearson. Edited by B.C. Bloomfield. London, Mansell, 1980. pp. xi, 231.

iii. Cultures of the Islamic Near East: A Guide to Introductory Readings for the Non‐Specialist. By John W. Bagnole. Washington, D.C., America‐Mideast Educational & Training Services, Inc. (Occasional Paper, No. 4), 1978. pp. ii, 79. $4.00

iv. The Modern Arab Woman: A Bibliography. By Michelle Raccagni. Metuchen, N.J. & London, The Scarecrow Press, 1978, pp. x, 282.     

论法律概念的特征

法律概念是法律的基本构成要素,没有法律概念,我们就不能正确地理解法律问题。与哲学、政治学等学科相比,我国的法学对法律概念的研究却显得相对薄弱。然而,在司法实践中,要正确运用法律推理,必须首先研究法律概念。本文从研究概念入手,阐明了法律概念的涵义以及法律概念与一般概念的不同点。从立法、司法的角度,分析了法律概念的特征。     

民事调解模式改革初论

长期以来,由于计划经济体制的影响,我们把调解作为法院行使审判权的方式之一,传统调解的种种弊端均基于此。笔者认为,市场经济条件下调解应作为当事人处分权行使的一种方式,并以此为基础、粗略地勾勒出了我国民事调解模式结构的基本框架。     

Changing Forms of Accountability in Education? A Case Study of LEAs in Wales

Political mechanisms of accountability were marginalized by Conservative government reforms during the 1980s and 1990s which sought a more market-oriented approach within the public sector in order to enhance ‘consumerism’. In education, parents were given more choice between schools and were provided with more information on school performance. The promotion of market accountability has involved a reduction in the powers of local education authorities (LEAs) which had been central to the operation of political accountability. However, whilst market-based forms of accountability were firmly enhanced in principle by the legislation, to what extent have the forms of accountability operating within LEAs changed in practice? Interviews with Chief Officers and the Chair of the Education Committee are used to identify changing perceptions and practices of accountability in LEAs in Wales. The findings indicate that although local politicians and officials have been forced to operate within the legislative framework of market accountability, they have sought to impede its successful implementation. The policy community in Wales facilitated the LEAs’ capacity to respond in this way. The market-based reforms conflicted with fundamental values held in Wales, which remain those of professional accountability.     

论WTO法下的中国法制变化

中国入世后在WTO法的约束下,较快地完成了将WTO法转化为大量国内法的艰巨任务。中国入世所引起的国内法制的直接变化和法治观念的间接变化,不亚于30多年前中国法制的重建。WTO法所包括的协定尚无具有国际法效力的中文本,对于国内实施带来诸多困难,但是,中国依然通过对应式、归纳式和分散式三种国内立法转化WTO法而履行了实施义务,并由此促进了中国法制透明度的增强与法治观念的变化。诚然,就国际法与国内法的关系而言,为了进一步适应WTO法,中国《宪法》的缔约规定亟待修改,WTO法在国内的司法解释应予进一步规范,立法解释与司法解释的关系应予理顺。