我国证据能力制度的反思与完善

证据能力是证据制度要解决的核心问题之一,其主要关注的是证据在刑事诉讼过程中的准入问题。大陆法系和英美法系国家在证据资格问题上都注重防止不符合法定条件的证据材料进入到诉讼过程中,以避免法官因此形成不恰当的心证。不同的是,大陆法系国家要求法官在严格证明程序的规制下行使自由裁量权,立法上对证据能力问题较少具有普适性的规定;而英美法系国家则设立专门的程序来解决证据的可采性.并根据大量的证据规则来约束法官的自由裁量权。我国现行的证据能力制度存在诸多缺陷。在构建我国能力制度的时候.可以吸取国外的先进经验,一方面建立相应的证据能力规则,另一方面完善相关的程序,使证据能力制度真正发挥其制度功能,保障法官在审判过程免受不当因素的影响。     

Asia’s Security Triangles: Maritime Minilateralism in the Indo-Pacific

Since the early years of the twenty-first century, a number of key regional governments have consciously chosen to alter the way they talk about the region, and have now largely shifted from using the ‘Asia-Pacific’ to the ‘Indo-Pacific’ construct. But after three decades of utilising the ‘Asia-Pacific’ concept, why has this been the case and how might this shift in geographical conceptualisation alter the strategic framework of the region? This paper argues that the ‘Indo-Pacific’ is a regional reconceptualisation utilised by Japan, Australia, India and the USA to address deficiencies in Asia’s maritime security and institutional architecture, which are being simultaneously influenced by a more assertive Chinese posture and waning U.S. influence. Additionally, the Indo-Pacific concept has developed in tandem with a transformation in the regional security architecture. The utilisation of maritime minilateralism between Japan, India, Australia and the USA supplements Asia’s bilateral American alliances, with an array of trilateral security dialogues or ‘security triangles’. The Asia-Pacific to Indo-Pacific shift is really an instance of an emerging minilateral security regionalism, rather than the predominant forms of bilateral and multilateral security and economic regionalism that have dominated Asia in recent decades.     

Voting for Movement Parties in Southern Europe: The Role of Protest and Digital Information

In recent years ‘movement parties’ such as Syriza in Greece, the Movimento 5 Stelle in Italy, Podemos in Spain and—to a lesser extent—Bloco de Esquerda in Portugal shook national party systems, breaking the consolidated dynamics of political competition. Despite growing interest in movement parties, there has been scant attention to the role of citizens adopting unconventional forms of action and using digital media in accounting for their electoral performance. To fill this gap, four original internet-based post-electoral surveys are employed showing that protesters and digital media users are more likely to vote for these parties, despite important country differences.     

Back to the Suitcase? Emigration during the Great Recession in Spain

The complex and multidimensional economic crisis experienced by Spain since 2008 significantly altered migration patterns in this country. Large scale unemployment contributed to slow down migrant inflows and accelerated out-migration flows in Spain. The media coverage of these processes created a distorted image of the patterns of migration affecting Spain during the crisis. Although the incipient economic recovery has not had a major impact in terms of modifying the migration dynamics triggered by the crisis, the media attention to this issue has substantially decreased without questioning its previous approach to the phenomenon. This article presents extensive data from a wide range of sources covering the period 2008–2016 to extract detailed information about the reality of crisis-era migration flows in Spain, and discusses the extent to which the media treatment of the issue has contributed to a partial and misleading view of the causes and consequences of the new Spanish emigration.     

“哈尔斯坦主义”与西德外交(1955-1970年)

冷战时期曾一度影响西德对外关系、特别是与东欧邻国关系的"哈尔斯坦主义"(1955-1970年)一直尚未得到系统的研究。它在战后重建欧洲和平与安全中到底起到了哪些作用?波恩政府坚持这一原则时,阿登纳及其幕僚是否考虑到他们有限的能力与影响?实际上,由于在外交实践中陷入困境,"哈尔斯坦主义"到1963年就开始失去意义。将"哈尔斯坦主义"置于整个西德外交的视角下进行考察,可以发现,"哈尔斯坦主义"不仅未能实现西德外交的预期目标,而且也反映出德国人在外交理念上的传统风格,即在对现实政治目标的追求中带有焦躁与鲁莽的心态。     

未成年少女堕胎手术知情同意主体探析

因未成年人意外妊娠而实施的堕胎手术日渐增多，但很多当事人都不愿意将情况告诉其监护人，所以手术同意书的签字问题就成了实施堕胎手术的一个难以逾越的法律障碍。本文试从未成年人保护的角度，分析将监护人、医院、卫生行政部门、少女救助中心作为少女堕胎手术知情同意主体的可行性，探讨合法合理地解决这一问题的方案，使未成年人意外妊娠的事后救济得以顺利进行。     

证据与推论——兼论概率与似真性(英文)

今天的讲座和前四讲有一些不同。在前四讲中,我所分析的都是证据法的公认领域,试图说明我们何以能够通过运用各种分析工具来更深刻地理解它们。今天我不想讨论证据法的传统领域,而要讨论在美国和其他几个国家正在进行的一项重要研究工作,这涉及我们所称的司法证明的性质。该研究领域并不论及像传闻规则那样的证据法特定领域,而是关于证据法根基的探讨。     

澳大利亚基本公共卫生服务的法律保障（一）——公共卫生的法律支撑

通过国际视角分析,本文研究了澳大利亚的法律体系、公共卫生法律的内涵以及公共卫生职能的法律界定,为进一步研究澳大利亚依法为国民提供基本公共卫生服务奠定基础。     

审判职能、说服责任与“案结事了”

本文从司法审判的特点、说服责任的性质与和谐价值的实现等方面,探讨了它们与案结事了的关系。在法治社会,法院的角色是根据证据裁判原则解决社会争端,诉讼各方必须履行说服责任,才能使法院判决具有可接受性,使争端得到终局性解决。法院作为国家审判机关,不应以调解优先,而应以增强证据意识、完善证据制度来实现案结事了。在刑事诉讼中,只有强化公诉人的说服责任,达到使事实认定者确信无疑的证明标准,才能减少冤假错案,实现案结事了。在民事诉讼中,应当遵循体现和谐价值的不能采纳用以证明过错或责任的证据规则,才能避免善有恶报、案结事坏的恶果。     

医疗卫生领域商业贿赂犯罪治理浅析

医疗卫生领域商业贿赂犯罪严重危害卫生事业的健康发展.当前,医疗卫生领域商业贿赂案件呈现新的特点.对已查处的商业贿赂犯罪进行实证分析,探讨案件发生的深层次原因,进而探索完善我国治理医疗卫生领域商业贿赂犯罪的制度.