Exploring theoretical linkages between self-control theory and criminal justice system processing

Using Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) self-control construct for theoretical leverage, this conceptual article offers a preliminary framework for examining discretion, criminal justice decision-making, and criminal justice system behavior. Low self-control likely facilitates negative interactions between defendants, police, judicial officers, and correctional staff, potentially affecting discretionary outcomes. Research questions are provided for future investigators to begin empirical assessment of the relationships between self-control and criminal justice processing. As a global construct, self-control could be incorporated into criminal justice models as a potentially robust correlate of discretion, decision-making, recidivism, and offender noncompliance with the criminal justice system.     

Bet Out the Vote: Prediction Markets as a Tool to Promote Undergraduate Political Engagement

ABSTRACT

Over the course of three semesters spanning the 2016 primary and general elections, we conducted a series of quasi-experiments to evaluate the effects of prediction markets on undergraduate interest in the political process. We gave several classes in our institution’s core American politics course the opportunity to collectively invest in election-related markets on PredictIt.org, and over two-thirds of our students reported that the exercise stimulated their interest in the elections and political process. Roughly half also reported reading more news articles because of their participation in the market. While our treatment group did not demonstrate statistically-significant improvement in tangential political awareness, knowledge, or engagement, our findings do challenge previous conclusions that prediction markets have limited capacity to motivate students in an introductory learning context.     

International labour migration and local rural activities in the Kyrgyz Republic: determinants and trade-offs

This paper uses a representative household-budget survey from the Asian Development Bank to analyse the determinants of international labour migration, distinguishing between seasonal and permanent (long-term) moves and comparing them with determinants of rural local income-generating activities in the Kyrgyz Republic. It has been found that both permanent migration and local nonfarm-wages employment substitute agricultural activities and attract the most educated rural individuals. The difference is that the permanent migration option is unattainable for individuals from poor households with small land holdings. They tend to engage in local nonfarm activities, while those who are educated and have resources to finance the cost of migration choose to leave the country for long periods of time. In contrast to permanent migration, seasonal migration does not require the possession of either higher or vocational education, which can make it potentially less harmful for local development in terms of brain drain.     

Rüstungsaltlasten in deutschen Küstengew?ssern – v?lkerrechtliche Bergungs- und Sanierungspflichten

“Nervengas auf dem Meeresgrund” oder “Gefahr aus der Tiefe”. Solche und ?hnliche Titel kennzeichnen Ver?ffentlichungen zum Thema Rüstungsaltlasten in Nord- und Ostsee. Dies ist ein Zeichen der immer noch hohen Brisanz dieses Themas. In jüngster Vergangenheit sorgte die Verifikation der Verklappung von ca. 90 t Tabun-Granaten südlich von Helgoland für Aufsehen. Fakt ist, dass sich erhebliche Mengen Weltkriegsmunition in Nord- und Ostsee befinden. Leider mangelt es bisher nicht nur an einer Aufkl?rung des von den Rüstungsaltlasten ausgehenden Risikos seitens der Naturwissenschaft, sondern auch an einer rechtswissenschaftlichen Aufkl?rung eventuell bestehender Bergungs- und Sanierungspflichten. Im folgenden Beitrag werden einige einschl?gige v?lkerrechtliche Vertr?ge mit Schwerpunktsetzung im Seerecht auf das Vorliegen entsprechender Pflichten geprüft und gezeigt, dass Pflichten zur Bergung der Altmunition bestehen.     

Trophoblastic microemboli as a marker for preeclampsia-eclampsia in sudden unexpected maternal death: a case report and review of the literature

The authors report the case of a 25-year-old white woman at 7 months' gestation who died suddenly and unexpectedly at home. Anatomic findings at autopsy included a tongue contusion, glomerulonephritis, changes indicative of systemic hypertension, and trophoblastic microemboli in the lungs. Review of the prenatal care record disclosed 3+ proteinuria 2 days before death. The features of the postmortem examination were consistent with clinically undiagnosed preeclampsia-eclampsia and glomerulonephritis. The authors discuss the rarity of fatal preeclampsia-eclampsia, the contribution of concomitant glomerulonephritis, and the significance of trophoblastic microemboli in the lungs.