Kein Eintrittsrecht des Masseverwalters in Einzelanfechtungsprozess eines Absonderungsgläubigers

Der Einzelanfechtungsprozess eines Gl?ubigers, der bereits eine Sicherheit erlangt hat (hier: deutsches Arrestpfandrecht), wird durch die Konkurser?ffnung über das Verm?gen des ursprünglichen Schuldners nicht unterbrochen. Das Anfechtungsmonopol des Masseverwalters erstreckt sich nicht auf Anfechtungsansprüche von Absonderungsgl?ubigern. Ob es zu einer Aussetzung/Unterbrechung bzw Fortführung/Wiederaufnahme von bei Er?ffnung eines Insolvenzverfahrens anh?ngigen Rechtsstreitigkeiten kommt, über die Form der etwaigen Fortsetzung und über die prozessualen Folgen entscheidet nach der EuInsVO allein das (Verfahrens-)Recht des Staats, in dem der Rechtsstreit zur Zeit der Verfahrenser?ffnung anh?ngig war.     

Evaluation of the Photodegradation of Crystal Violet upon Light Exposure by Mass Spectrometric and Spectroscopic Methods

Abstract: Crystal violet is a very common dye in ballpoint ink. Recent research suggests that the degradation of triarylmethane dyes gives an indication of the age of a ballpoint pen entry on a document. The main problem for the quantitative evaluation of the degradation is that it is highly dependent on the exposure to light. Moreover additional factors, such as additives and substrate play an important role in this process. The aim of this work is to compare the degradation pathways of the pure dye in water and ethanol upon exposure to xenon light by UV/VIS spectrophotometry and laser desorption ionization. Significant differences have been observed in the products and the kinetics of the degradation. N-demethylation, an expected decomposition process, was found to take place only in aqueous solution and kinetics calculations showed that the degradation occurred 2.5 times faster in ethanol compared to water. The degradation of crystal violet in inks from four ballpoint pens on paper was also studied for entries made over 2–3 years. It was observed that degradation reactions were quenched by the presence of another dye due to competitive absorption. It was also observed that the thickness of a stroke (concentration of ink) influenced the degradation process. In the absence of light only one ballpoint pen showed slight degradation. A better understanding of the influence of the paper, ink composition, and storage conditions is necessary to interpret correctly the age of an ink based on the degradation of dyes.     

US Intelligence Performance and US Policy during the Polish Crisis of 1980–81: Revelations from the Kukliński Files

Drawing on intelligence documents that were recently declassified, this article assesses the quality of US intelligence analysis during the 1980–81 Polish crisis and the impact of the intelligence analysis on US policy toward Poland and the Soviet Union. After discussing the value and limitations of the declassified materials, the article raises questions about US policy during the crisis and discusses how intelligence inputs helped to shape policy. The newly available documents confirm that the US intelligence community's analytical products were often deficient and that these shortcomings put a crimp on US policymakers' choices.     

Institutionalizing precarious migratory status in Canada

This paper analyzes the institutionalized production of precarious migration status in Canada. Building on recent work on the legal production of illegality and non-dichotomous approaches to migratory status, we review Canadian immigration and refugee policy, and analyze pathways to loss of migratory status and the implications of less than full status for access to social services. In Canada, policies provide various avenues of authorized entry, but some entrants lose work and/or residence authorization and end up with variable forms of less-than-full immigration status. We argue that binary conceptions of migration status (legal/illegal) do not reflect this context, and advocate the use of ‘precarious status’ to capture variable forms of irregular status and illegality, including documented illegality. We find that elements of Canadian policy routinely generate pathways to multiple forms of precarious status, which is accompanied by precarious access to public services. Our analysis of the production of precarious status in Canada is consistent with approaches that frame citizenship and illegality as historically produced and changeable. Considering variable pathways to and forms of precarious status supports theorizing citizenship and illegality as having blurred rather than bright boundaries. Identifying differences between Canada and the US challenges binary and tripartite models of illegality, and supports conducting contextually specific and comparative work.     

Troubled Talk and Talking Cures: From "Smart Talk" to Wise Conversations

Interpersonal communications is widely viewed as both a source of conflict in many social relationships and a cure-all for resolving such conflict. Some theorists assert that we simply do not interact, or talk, enough in modern society; others point out that our communication styles seem increasingly argumentative, exclude important potential contributors, or are strategically facile but shallow. The author discusses the various forms of dysfunctional "talk" in which people engage, then reviews four recent books, all of which focus (at least in part) on how we might talk (and negotiate) with one another more constructively: Bargaining for Advantage , by G. Richard Shell; Winning 'Em Over , by Jay C. Conger; Difficult Conversations , by Douglas Stone, Bruce Patton and Sheila Heen; and The Magic of Dialogue by Daniel Yankelovich.     

Multilevel blame games: Blame‐shifting in the European Union

Who blames whom in multilevel blame games? Existing research focuses either on policymakers' preferences or their opportunities offered by the institutional structures in which policymakers operate. As these two strands of literature barely refer to each other, in this article we develop an integrated theoretical model of blame‐shifting in multilevel governance systems and assess it empirically. In line with the first strand, we assume that policymakers have a preference for shifting blame onto actors on a different level from themselves. In line with the second, we suppose that opportunities for doing so depend on institutional responsibility for policymaking and policy implementation. We check the plausibility of our integrated model by examining policymakers' blame attributions in three cases where European Union migration policies have been contested: border control, asylum, and welfare entitlements. We find that our integrated model does better in explaining blame‐shifting in these cases than the isolated models.     

Anfechtung des Verpflichtungs- oder Verfügungsgeschäfts; Hemmung der Anfechtungsfristen durch Vergleichsverhandlungen

Hat (auch) der Schuldner die Einverleibung eines Rechtes beantragt, so nimmt er bis zum Zeitpunkt der Einverleibung Rechtshandlungen (bzw Unterlassungen) vor; daher ist dieser Zeitpunkt für das Vorliegen der subjektiven Voraussetzungen der Absichtsanfechtung ma?gebend. Dass auch der Vertragspartner die Einverleibung beantragen h?tte k?nnen, ist unerheblich. – Bei der Schenkungsanfechtung genügt es, wenn das (selbst?ndig anfechtbare) Verfügungsgesch?ft in der kritischen Frist liegt. – Vergleichsgespr?che k?nnen auch dann die "unverzügliche Einklagung" (§ 9 Abs 1 Z 2 AnfO) hinausschieben, wenn diese nur mit dem Schuldner ohne Einbeziehung des Anfechtungsgegners geführt werden.