鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

从陕西省榆林市某蛋用种鸡场疑似肾型传染性支气管炎病鸡中分离到了1 株肾型IBV(定名为YL 04),并对分离病毒进行了血凝性、血凝抑制性、致病性、鸡胚矮小化、电镜特征等生物学特性鉴定及S1基因5′端的RT PCR鉴定。结果表明,该分离株经10 g/L胰酶处理后的各代病毒尿囊收集液均可凝集鸡红细胞;标准阳性血清可特异性地抑制其凝集性;可复制出与自然发病相同的病例;病毒传代物有明显的致鸡胚矮小化作用;透射电镜下可见有近似球形、直径100 nm左右的冠状病毒粒子;用RT PCR方法扩增到1 条373 bp的目的片段,其核苷酸序列与IBV CQ/01/2004株序列的同源性达98%。     

The Economics of the “Final Solution”*

The economics of the Holocaust is a many‐facetted subject that is an integral part of the Holocaust's history. This paper describes some of the results of the new research since 1990 and discusses the economic rationalities employed by the perpetrators in despoiling the Jews. Economic considerations accompanied the timing and pace of the expropriation of Jewish assets and their “Aryanization.” The new research also shows that there was widespread collaboration in the expropriation of the Jews by private interests both inside Germany and in German‐controlled Europe and that networks of bureaucrats and private interests joined to achieve Nazi goals. The combination of expropriation and mass murder was one of the aspects of the Holocaust that made it unique.     

IDENTIFYING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT MEDIATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARENTING PRACTICES AND DELINQUENCY*

Past research has largely ignored the developmental changes within the child that account for the association between parenting and risk for delinquency. We used structural equation modeling and data from a longitudinal study of several hundred African‐American families to test the contentions of various theories regarding the sociocognitive and emotional factors that mediate the impact of parental behavior on a youth's risk for delinquency. Our findings largely supported the theories. The impact of monitoring/discipline was indirect through low self‐control and acceptance of deviant norms, whereas the effect of hostility/ rejection was indirect through low self‐control, hostile view of relationships, and acceptance of deviant norms. These two dimensions of parenting were no longer related either to affiliation with deviant peers or to conduct problems once the effects of these psychological characteristics were taken into account; the impact of these parenting practices was completely mediated by these four cognitive/affective variables. Contrary to expectation, however, these psychological factors did not mediate any of the relationship between caretaker involvement in antisocial behavior and child conduct problems.     

Zur naturschutzrechtlichen Verpflichtung der Verwendung autochthonen Saat- und Pflanzguts bei der Straßenbegleitbegrünung*

Von naturschutzfachlicher Seite wird seit einiger Zeit die Forderung erhoben, dass für Begrünungsmaßnahmen nur noch autochthones Saat- und Pflanzgut eingesetzt werden sollte, weil die Verwendung von Saat- und Pflanzgut aus gebietsfremden Herkünften Risiken für die Erhaltung der genetischen Vielfalt bergen könnte. Der folgende Beitrag zeichnet die Diskussion nach und befasst sich mit den rechtlichen Regelungen zum Schutz der genetischen Vielfalt, insbesondere mit den Anforderungen an die Länder, die sich aus § 41 Abs. 2 Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (BNatSchG) ergeben. * Für wertvolle Anregungen und Kritik danke ich Herrn Dr. Herwig Unnerstall und Herrn Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Köck.     

机动车外后视镜对人体损伤的研究

目的探讨机动车外后视镜对人体损伤的特点。方法对10例于1990-2005年间在华西医科大学法医学院鉴定的案例进行回顾性的调查,所有研究对象均为机动车外后视镜损伤患者。结果在车内驾驶员为左眼损伤,前排乘客为右眼损伤,均被同则外后视镜碎片所致,而在车外分为两类,一类为骑自行车的中学生,被外后视镜撞伤,以颅脑损伤居多,另一类为行走老年人,被后视镜撞伤,表现为四肢骨折。结论根据其受伤特征,提出相应的预防措施。     

RACIAL–ETHNIC INTOLERANCE AND SUPPORT FOR CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: A CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON*

This article tests cross-nationally the minority group threat thesis that public sentiments toward repressive crime-control policies reflect conflicted racial and ethnic relations. Using multiple data sets representing France, Belgium, the Netherlands, East and West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Denmark, Great Britain, Greece, Spain, Finland, Sweden, Austria, Canada, Ireland, and Portugal, we examine whether racial and ethnic intolerance—animus, resentments, or negative sentiments toward minorities—predicts greater support for the death penalty. Our results reveal that the respondents were significantly more likely to express support for capital punishment if they were racially or ethnically intolerant while controlling for other covariates of public opinion. These findings indicate that the link between support for capital punishment and racial and ethnic animus may occur universally in countries with conflicted racial and ethnic relations.     

美国的“政治大棒”与德国的法律程序——后“9·11”时代,美德反恐国际合作第一案之解读

"9·11"事件后,德美看似亲密的反恐合作关系却在德国法院审判"9·11"事件中的国际恐怖嫌疑分子穆特萨迪格和穆祚迪案中陷入了困境。两国政府在反恐策略上的差异为这两个案件的结局规定了方向。德国政府部门拒绝向德国法院提供关键证据,损害了德国检察官的指控能力。美国政府拒绝与德国法院合作,则直接冒犯了德国法院的自尊。由于审判是在德国民众反对美国入侵伊拉克以及阿尔布莱格监狱丑闻之爆发的背景下进行的,德国公共舆论同情被告人,积极影响并支持了法院的判决。这两个案件可以视为德国法院及民众对布什政府所实施的反恐策略的一次大审判,判决结果是布什政府败诉。