On the Nature of Tolerance: Dichotomous or Continuous?*

The purpose of this article is to reconsider the claim made recently by Mondak and Sanders that political tolerance ought to be thought to be a dichotomous rather than continuous variable. Using data from both Russia and the United States, I demonstrate that those Mondak and Sanders regard as uniquely tolerant are most likely no more than people who were given insufficient opportunity to express their intolerance. Even if such a phenomenon of “absolute tolerance” exists (all ideas expressed in all ways are to be tolerated), it is sufficiently rare that few practical implications are indicated for those doing empirical work on political tolerance and intolerance. * I appreciate the valuable comments of Jeffcry Mondak on an earlier version of this paper.     

对故意传播艾滋病的刑事立法刍议

保障艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人的合法权利,使其得到应有的治疗,并规定他们应承担的避免将艾滋病毒传染给他人,包括亲人的义务。政府必须加快制定HIV感染者病人的行政和刑事管理法规,对“传播艾滋病罪”作出规定。     

试析文化全球化的现状与前景

当前,文化全球化在生活方式、风俗习惯、制度文化、科技教育、共同观念等方面都有了充分的表现,其深度和广度不断扩展,但也存在全球各文化力量严重失衡、全球交融限于外围、组织化程度不高等局限。同时,国际上存在的文化霸权主义、民族文化中心主义、宗教极端主义等,对文化全球化的进一步发展形成了制约。展望文化全球化的未来发展,以美国价值观实现全球文化的一元化不符合人类发展的共同利益,全球各文化的多元互补应是合理的选择。     

公民法律素质与法治社会建设

依法治国和建设社会主义法治国家,要求公民具备与之相适应的法律素质。当前,我国公民的法律知识比较贫乏,权利意识淡薄,普遍缺乏对法的信仰。因此,应着重从培养公民的法律信仰、提升公民的权利意识、完善司法制度和进一步做好普法工作入手,来增强公民的法律素质。     

建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界——中国外交思想的新发展

党的十七大报告指出:"我们主张,各国人民携手努力,推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界"。建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界是和谐社会理论在国际关系领域中的成功运用,是胡锦涛和谐思想的新发展。作为党的创新理论的重要组成部分,和谐世界体现了中国外交思想的新成果,反映了中国外交战略的新目标,凸现了中国外交策略的新理念。深入研究这一重要思想对于全面、准确地理解胡锦涛和谐思想具有极为重要的意义。     

论虚拟世界内的著作权归属

数字技术架构了从网络空间到虚拟世界的复杂传播方式甚至生活方式。它增加了著作权认定及其权属的复杂性,尤其是虚拟世界的开发者提供的拆封或点击合同造成了虚拟世界内的作品认定、权属纠纷的一些新特征。拆封合同可以约定虚拟世界使用者放弃著作权的行使,但不能约定将著作权归于开发者所有,除非提供了公平的合同条款。     

Die Kolonien in Europa

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Care-Politiken,Care-Arbeitsmarkt und Ungleichheit: Schweden,Deutschland und Italien im Vergleich

Social and demographic changes in western societies have led to a (re-)definition of social rights related to care-dependency and the introduction of further regulations of formal and informal care delivery. Care has increasingly become provided in the public sectors – the state, market and civic sector – and new types of cash benefits to support informal family care have been introduced. In this article, the concept of social care is used as a theoretical tool to analyse the relationship between the (re-)definition of social rights, the growth of a regular or grey care labour market and the related development of new forms of inequality according to socio-economic class and ethnicity in the female dominated area. The empirical comparison of the developments in Sweden, Germany and Italy reveals the dimensions of social rights – eligibility criteria, level and types of benefits – which are decisive for the growth of a regular and grey care labour market and the intersection of different forms of inequality.     

Nationale und globale Ungleichheit

The impact of globalization on the structure of social inequality is controversial discussed in actual debates. The national focused research is challenged by globalists. The article concentrates on the problem of order and shows how this is solved by the national structures of social inequality. In the next step the reasons for and against the national solution are presented. Finally the possibility of transnational constituting structures of social inequality is examined. How probable is the structuration of global inequality if basic elements of order are missing on this level?