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41.
Abstract: Third level features have been reported to have equal discriminatory power as second level details in establishing personal identification. Pore area, as an extended set third level sub‐feature, has been studied by minimizing possible factors that could affect pore size. The reproducibility of pore surface area has been studied using direct microscopic and 500 ppi Livescan images. Direct microscopic pore area measurements indicated that the day on which the pore area was measured had a significant impact on the measured pore area. Pore area measurement was shown to be difficult to estimate in 500 ppi Livescan measurements owing to lack of resolution. It is not possible to reliably use pore area as an identifying feature in fingerprint examination. 相似文献
42.
Frank Biermann Michele M. Betsill Joyeeta Gupta Norichika Kanie Louis Lebel Diana Liverman Heike Schroeder Bernd Siebenhüner Ruben Zondervan 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2010,10(4):277-298
The Earth System Science Partnership, which unites all major global change research programmes, declared in 2001 an urgent
need to develop “strategies for Earth System management”. Yet what such strategies might be, how they could be developed,
and how effective, efficient and equitable such strategies would be, remains unspecified. It is apparent that the institutions,
organizations and mechanisms by which humans currently govern their relationship with the natural environment and global biochemical
systems are not only insufficient—they are also poorly understood. This article presents the science programme of the Earth
System Governance Project, a new 10-year global research effort endorsed by the International Human Dimensions Programme on
Global Environmental Change (IHDP). It outlines the concept of earth system governance as a challenge for the social sciences,
and it elaborates on the interlinked analytical problems and research questions of earth system governance as an object of
study. These analytical problems concern the overall architecture of earth system governance, agency beyond the state and
of the state, the adaptiveness of governance mechanisms and processes as well as their accountability and legitimacy, and
modes of allocation and access in earth system governance. The article also outlines four crosscutting research themes that
are crucial for the study of each analytical problem as well as for the integrated understanding of earth system governance:
the role of power, knowledge, norms and scale. 相似文献
43.
This paper assesses the impact of a monetary policy shock on 15 key macroeconomic variables of South Africa, in the pre- and
post-inflation targeting periods. For this purpose, we use a Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressive (FAVAR) model comprising
of 107 monthly time series over two equal sub-samples of 1989:01–1997:12 and 2000:01–2008:12. The results, based on impulse
response functions, are in line with economic theory and indicate no puzzling effects often observed with small-scale monetary
Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models. More importantly, we find that the ability of monetary policy in affecting key macroeconomic
variables, including inflation, has increased in the post-targeting period. But, majority of the effects are insignificant,
which could, however, also be due to the shorter-lengths of the sub-samples relative to the number of variables used in this
study, rather than depicting the inability of monetary policy to significantly affect the South African economy. 相似文献
44.
45.
Dipankar Gupta 《亚洲研究》2013,45(1):79-80
AbstractAlthough several books and articles have already appeared on the Naxalbari Movement, the book under review by Sumanta Banerjee carries a distinctive appeal which sets it apart from other works on the subject. Not only does this book merit attention because it is written by a person who was intimately involved in the CPI(ML) movement, but also because it recaptures the spirit of the rebellious sixties when the ideological crisis was deepened by the impasse at which established political structures had arrived. 相似文献
46.
Despite criticism, global biofuel production continues to rise, using primarily food crops. Between 2001 and 2012 it increased nearly six-fold, driven primarily by domestic policies, yet raising strong international concerns, eg over impacts on global food prices. Nevertheless, little international biofuel governance has emerged. This article examines the various extraterritorial dimensions of domestic biofuel policies and investigates why international biofuel governance has remained vague, despite its controversial nature. It uses the politics of scale to analyse why countries may wish to frame it as a global or domestic issue. Three extraterritorial dimensions are identified: global environmental impacts, global socioeconomic impacts, and attempts at extraterritorial control over biofuel production abroad. While major producers have successfully avoided liability for impacts by preventing the scaling up of much biofuel governance to the international level, major importers have tried to fill perceived governance gaps using policies aimed at extraterritorial control. We show that both the rise of nationally oriented development policies with extraterritorial impacts and of unilateral sustainability rule making primarily affect weaker countries, making global inequalities more pronounced. It is essential that adaptation governance take into account both environmental and global socioeconomic changes, such as higher agricultural commodity prices. 相似文献
47.
Robert Falkner Aarti Gupta 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2009,9(2):113-133
Is globalization promoting regulatory convergence in agricultural biotechnology policies in the South? This article examines the nature and limits of regulatory convergence in the field of agri-biotechnology and investigates the effects that international forces have on biotechnology and biosafety policies in developing countries. Based on detailed case studies of Mexico, China and South Africa this article shows that these three leading biotechnology countries in the South are exposed to powerful international influences but are responding to the regulatory challenges of genetically modified organisms (GMO) adoption in distinctive ways. The existing regulatory polarization between US and EU biotechnology approaches has not forced a convergence around either of these two international models. GMO policies in the South do not simply follow the binary logic of the US–EU regulatory conflict. Instead, they integrate elements from both regulatory approaches and are steering a course that suggests substantial regulatory diversity in the South. The globalization of biotechnology thus goes hand in hand with regulatory diversity in the developing world. Furthermore, regulatory polarization between the EU and US has helped to open up political space in key developing countries. 相似文献
48.
49.
Vellinga Pier Gupta Joyeeta Howarth Richard B. 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2001,1(1):1-5
International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - 相似文献
50.
In cases of fragment/broken long bones, it becomes difficult to measure the length of bones for the purpose of calculation of total height (stature) of the individual with the help of magnification factors. An attempt has been made to devise a method of calculating the bones length from fragments on three long bones of the upper extremity. 相似文献