House money effects on trust and reciprocity

In a typical laboratory “Investment Game” experiment, participants’ endowments are provided by the experimenter; thus, the worst case for the investor is that she loses all of her “found” money. By contrast, in naturally occurring environments, investment decisions can often lead to a loss of one’s own money. This paper investigates whether “trust” found in one-shot anonymous laboratory interaction is robust to “own money” environments. Our results show that, consistent with previous investment game results, most investors send a positive amount, and most trustees return at least the transfer amount, regardless of whether the investors purchase or are gifted their endowment. However, investments are on average lower when participants use their own money, and the fraction of maximum investments (the most “risky” investment decision) is only half as large under “own money” as it is under gifted endowments. Our results explain why one should exercise caution in placing trust in any government’s ability to spend other people’s money prudently.     

Regulating forced labour and combating human trafficking: the relevance of historical definitions in a contemporary perspective

Forced labour has been regulated since 1930 on the basis of the ILO Convention on Forced Labour, and since 1957 on the basis of the ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention. In 2000 forced labour was included as one form of exploitation covered by the UN Trafficking Protocol, which situated trafficking into a context of transnational organised crime. In 2014 the ILO adopted a Protocol on Forced Labour, making a link between trafficking and forced labour. The aim of this article is to explore how forced labour came to be regulated and defined in these four treaties. The 1930 ILO Convention came about in a specific historical and political context, yet the 1930 definition remains in use even though the interpretation of forced labour, particularly as it relates to trafficking, has changed. This article focuses on the issue of trafficking for the purpose of forced labour within the context of migration and labour exploitation, and discusses the relevance of historical definitions of forced labour in the current discourse that sees human trafficking mainly as a security threat. It argues that a rigid interpretation of forced labour is not always useful in understanding forms of labour exploitation, at least in a contemporary European migratory perspective. The article calls for a broad interpretation of forced labour, which takes into account also subtle forms of control and coercion.     

日本证券系风险投资公司与母公司利益冲突研究

从属型风险投资公司的法人治理结构使日本风险投资呈高比例本体投资、后期化投资取向以及放任型投资治理等特征。日本证券公司建立风险投资公司 ,通过策略性投资争取IPO市场潜在发行企业。利益冲突可在相当程度上解释 ,为何承销商从属型风险投资机构投资的IPO发行折价水平较高     

L?rmbeurteilung von Kinderspielpl?tzen

Keine Zusammenfassung     

Wiederherstellung eines besonders geschützten Biotops

Keine Zusammenfassung     

贴近生活实际,实施体验教育

第四次全国少代会在全面总结少先队的光荣传统和基本经验的基础上,鲜明地提出了"在实践中体验"的教育原则.从心理学角度讲,所谓体验是受教育主体的一种情绪感受和情感想象,往往伴随着一系列心理表现,如服从、敬重、内疚、自责等,强调的是人的内心感受和主观情感.在少先队工作中大力提倡体验教育,就是要组织和引导少年儿童在亲身实践中,把做人做事的基本道理变成自己的一种行为习惯的过程.因此,体验是少先队工作的基本方法,也是少先队教育的重要目的之一.     

Group-specific component imaging from trace material using isoelectric focussing and electroblotting

GC-subtyping was carried out on blood stains, that had been made on glass and stored under room temperature-conditions. Using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane by semi-dry-electroblotting and detection with enzyme-linked antibody complex the GC-detection was possible even after 64 days. Methodical problems are discussed.