Body Height Estimation from Head and Face Dimensions: A Different Method*

Abstract: As there are cases brought for forensic examination where only the craniofacial region is available, estimation of stature from craniofacial dimensions is without doubt important in forensic cases. The study presented here attempts to estimate stature from craniofacial dimensions in the Turkish population. In the second phase of the study, the correlations between craniofacial dimensions and stature were also evaluated according to different head and face types. All measurements were taken from 286 healthy males with a mean age of 22.71 ± 4.86 years. The sample was then reclassified according to different head and face indexes. For the whole sample, correlation coefficients were low, changing only between 0.012 and 0.229. Thus, no significant increase in correlation coefficients was observed after the samples had been reevaluated according to different head and face types. As a conclusion, craniofacial dimensions are not good predictors for body height for the Turkish population.     

Gentechnik im Saatgut – ein wiederkehrendes Problem

Die Europ?ische Union und die Bundesrepublik Deutschland sind hinsichtlich des Anbaus gentechnisch ver?nderter Organismen (GVO) sehr zurückhaltend, w?hrend au?erhalb Europas die Zahl der angebauten gentechnisch ver?nderten Kulturpflanzen stetig zunimmt. Die Anwesenheit von GVO, die nicht zum Anbau zugelassen sind, in Saatgut ist deshalb ein wiederkehrendes Problem mit wachsender Bedeutung. Der Beitrag analysiert die dazu vorliegende Rechtsprechung der Verwaltungsgerichte und demonstriert am jüngsten Fall der Saatgutkontamination (NK603-Spuren in Maissaatgut) die Anwendung des differenzierten Regelungssystems des GenTG, das den Vollzugsbeh?rden anspruchsvolle Ermittlungsund Abw?gungspflichten auferlegt.     

Revitalization of waqf administration ＆ family waqf law

Historically speaking, the institution of waqf played an incredible role in providing all the basic and fundamental services to Muslim societies in terms of providing education, goon health care, basic infrastructures, employment opportunities, enhanced the commercial and business activities, food for the hunger, sheltered for the poor and the needy, besides supporting the agricultural and industrial sectors. Nevertheless, its role has been deteriorated since the end of the 19th century up to the present as the governments in different Muslim countries centralized its administration and abolished family waqf. The main objective of this paper is to revitalize the administration and the law of waqf in order to meet the basic and the essential services which are needed in Muslim societies and without any cost to the government.     

Positivist and Phenomenological Research in American Public Administration

Public administration suffers from the problem of the logical division between facts and values if modernity is seen as the thoughts of logical positivism and instrumental rationalism. The instrumental rationality of modernity presented the concepts of efficiency, effectiveness, expertise, professionalism, accountability, and democracy and other issues in PA. On the other hand, interpretivism is based on the belief that there is no objective reality out there and reality is socially constructed. Reality is not something that exists outside the researcher as is the case under the positivist perspective. This article discusses how the two different theories, positivism and interpretivism, influence the way of thinking and practicing in the field of public administration.     

Processing Evidence and Drafting Judgments in International Criminal Trial Chambers

International criminal trials are usually very complex, lengthy and heavy on evidence. This complicates the Trial Chamber’s fact finding task and hampers its ability to issue a reasoned written judgment without undue delay. The present article examines the specific challenges of drafting an international criminal trial judgment, with the main focus being on mastering the huge amounts of evidence. It further provides practical recommendations on how to deal with these challenges.     

Vulnerability among paupers: Determinants of individuals receiving poor relief in nineteenth-century northern Sweden

This study combines computerized parish registers with parish meeting records that account for individuals who received poor relief in the nineteenth-century Sundsvall region, Sweden. The combination of sources especially helps to explore the recipients who are overlooked in the literature or difficult to trace in historical data. Their demographic characteristics in relation to relief allocation and experiences prior to it are analyzed and show that they did not only share the occurrence of entitlement. Vast but insufficient family networks failed to give the recipients support to manage their distressed situation. Deaths and births of relatives jeopardized their capability to guarantee subsistence for them or their family, and so did also their gender and phase in the lifecycle. The multi-dimensional concept of vulnerability is employed to comprehend the dynamic determinants of poverty represented by individuals granted poor relief. It is argued that this concept has to be further developed but nevertheless helps to identify and stratify some of the vulnerabilities that characterized paupers in the past.     

Qualification and Disqualification in Rape Cases

Between 1946 and 1950, the police in Stockholm interrogated almost 150 men about their involvement in alleged rapes and attempted rapes. The results of these investigations eventually led to seventeen prosecutions and eleven convictions. It was not easy to convict someone of rape. However, a consequence of the way the court operated was also that only certain men could be convicted, only certain women regarded as reliable witness, and only certain kinds of attack regarded as plausible. The question of whether the alleged crime was considered possible to prove was dependent upon who reported whom for what. For the complainants it was a matter of qualifying for inclusion within the protection of the law. But what appeared as a rejection of someone's credibility, was in actual fact a result of a prior rejection of the individual's person and character. From the point of view of the legal system, some individuals were more fitted than others for the role of credible victim or likely offender. The sexually immoral woman and the man at the mercy of his sexuality were both in danger of having their credibility questioned: the former a poor victim and the latter all too suitable an offender.     

Spectrofluorimetric and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Two Analgesic Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids

Simple, reliable, sensitive, and accurate spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods were proposed for the determination of two selected analgesic drugs, namely tramadol and morphine, in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. The proposed methods were based on the oxidation of the studied drugs by Cerium (Ce)IV in an acidic medium. The spectrofluorimetric method is based on measuring the relative fluorescence intensity of Ce(III) arising from Ce(IV) at 350 nm with an excitation wavelength at 250 nm. The spectrophotometric method involves on addition of a known excess of Ce(IV) to the studied drugs in an acid medium, followed by the determination of residual Ce(IV) by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 510 nm. Different variables affecting the reaction conditions, such as the concentrations of Ce(IV), type and concentration of the acid medium, reaction time, temperature, and the diluting solvents, were carefully studied and optimized.