Race as a factor in university admissions

In two recent cases, Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306. (2003) and Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244. (2003), the Supreme Court held that the Equal Protection Clause permitted state schools to use race-sensitive admissions in order to obtain the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body. The diversity-based argument for race-sensitive admissions, scholarships, awards, and other opportunities at universities should have been rejected because it does not consider the full range of costs and benefits and because the more narrow educational effects probably weigh against such programs. However, this does not suggest that applicants’ race, ethnicity, and gender should be ignored. Rather the same consideration that led to the defeat of the diversity argument, i.e., reasoning capacity, supports the consideration of demographic factors. However, attention to such factors further undermines the consequentialist case for affirmative action.     

氟对山羊成骨细胞增殖分化及钙化功能的调节

为探讨氟化物对反刍动物骨骼代谢的影响及对成骨细胞的作用机理,以初生山羊股骨骨膜为材料,采用半消化组织块培养法分离成骨细胞,进行传代培养,并通过形态观察、扫描电镜、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和矿化结节染色进行鉴定。通过噻唑蓝(MTT)染色、AKP活性测定和钙化结节计数,研究不同浓度的氟对山羊成骨细胞增殖、分化及钙化的影响。结果表明,加氟48 h和96 h后,1.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol/L氟可促进成骨细胞增殖,其中1.0×10-7及1.0×10-6mol/L氟与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),高浓度氟(1.0×10-3mol/L)则抑制成骨细胞增殖(P<0.01);而1.0×10-4及5.0×10-4mol/L氟作用48 h对成骨细胞增殖无影响,作用96 h转而抑制成骨细胞增殖(P<0.01)。1.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol/L氟能显著增强成骨细胞AKP活性及钙化能力(P<0.01),但氟浓度高于5.0×10-4mol/L时,AKP活性及钙化能力明显下降(P<0.01)。证实,低剂量氟能促进体外培养的山羊成骨细胞增殖分化及钙化,高剂量的氟则表现抑制作用。     

试论经侦协作机制

经济犯罪侦查协作制度是打击经济犯罪的社会需要与经济犯罪侦查管辖制度之间矛盾的产物 ,当前我国的经侦协作已经取得了一些成绩 ,但也存在一些问题。本文探讨了如何从经侦协作制度、机制、内容上对现有经侦协作机制实行优化。     

谈公安派出所在消防监督检查中存在的问题及对策

公安派出所消防监督检查是我国三级消防管理体制的重要组成部分。文章通过调查和对辽宁省朝阳市1994年~2004年火灾情况的分析,发现公安派出所在消防监督检查工作中存在体制关系不顺等问题,为完善公安派出所消防安全工作,使消防监督三级管理走上法制化的轨道,贯彻落实公安部73号令———《消防监督检查规定》,结合实际提出了将消防监督检查工作落到实处的解决方案。     

Randomized experiments in criminology: What have we learned in the last two decades?

This paper aims to review randomized experiments in criminology with offending outcomes and reasonably large numbers that were published between 1982 and 2004. A total of 83 experiments are summarized, compared with only 35 published between 1957 and 1981: 12 on policing, 13 on prevention, 14 on corrections, 22 on courts, and 22 on community interventions. Randomized experiments are still relatively uncommon, but there have been more large-scale multi-site experiments and replication programs. There have also been several experiments in which 100 or more places were randomly assigned. Relatively few experiments (only 10 out of 83) were conducted outside the United States. Meta-analyses suggest that prevention methods, correctional therapy, batterer programs, drug courts, juvenile restitution and deterrent policing were effective in reducing offending, while Scared Straight and boot camp programs caused a significant increase in offending.     

提高工科学生科研创新能力的几点思考

大学应培养出具有创新精神和创新能力的人才,以适应当前及未来社会的需要。该文在分析学生科研创新能力的现状和存在问题的基础上,提出了如何提高学生科研创新能力的几点意见,以此促进学生科研创新能力的提高。     

“矛盾修辞”与文艺的悖论

“矛盾修辞”将两个对立的事物放在一起并使它们发生修辞上的联系。它不是通常意义上的对比,而是使两个本来不可调和的事物所具有的特征相互渗透,相互溶入,通过对两者的综合,用两者的合力营造出一种全新的境界。它不仅在美学方面体现出一种雄健的审美趣味,而且在揭示自然和精神的真相方面表现出一种道德上极端残忍的清醒。作为表现手法,“矛盾修辞”使表现不可表现的内容成为可能;作为思想方法,它把意识活动引向常情常理不能达到的深处;作为创造手段,它开辟了一个充满悖论的统一世界。波德莱尔在其创作中惯常使用“矛盾修辞”。对“矛盾修辞”的探讨可以帮助我们廓清波德莱尔倡导的“深层修辞”某些方面的内涵。同雨果的“美丑对照”原则相比,波德莱尔通过“矛盾修辞”体现出来的美学理念无疑是一种深化和升华,它揭示深度的思想情感或思想情感的深度,凸显生活中固有的不可消解的矛盾和悖论,启发一种观照世事和人心的现代视角。