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J. Bowyer Bell 《冲突和恐怖主义研究》2013,36(2):115-150
This comparative analysis of the dynamics of underground, revolutionary intelligence is based on a generation of analytical association with recent and continuing armed struggles. It is a first effort to depict the unconventional nature of intelligence in an illicit and covert world that is not merely the mirror image of orthodox practice. It is mainly a discussion of strategic and tactical aspects, their structure, focus, and role, as well as special factors such as counterintelligence and heresy, prisoners and foreign contacts. Underground, these are in great part shaped by the aspirations and ideals of the rebels as well as by the special conditions that assure inefficiency in return for cover. The article is, then, a preliminary, general analysis of a largely neglected aspect of unconventional conflict. 相似文献
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Benjamin T. Bowyer 《West European politics》2013,36(4):683-705
This article explores the relationship between hard economic times, inequality, and support for the far Left, using the case of Die Linke, or ‘Left party’, in Germany. Using recent survey data, the relationship among voters' social characteristics, economic attitudes, and rising electoral support for Die Linke is explored. In Germany, support for the far Left does not appear to be based solely on ideological extremism or economic pessimism, but also on beliefs about economic inequalities and governmental policy responses. This evidence indicates that supporters of the far Left are not simply ‘the losers’ from economic modernisation, but rather citizens in both Eastern and Western Germany characterised by shared social and economic circumstances and similar beliefs about economic redistribution. It also suggests fruitful avenues for research on the relationship between economic decline and support for the Left across advanced industrial democracies. 相似文献
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J. Bowyer Bell 《Trends in Organized Crime》2000,6(1):32-58
Conclusion Deception is integral to illicit organizations. Cover is a strategic necessity that, at a great cost in efficiency, allows
illicit organizations the opportunity to achieve their objectives. The revolutionary organization is, in fact, an alternative
reality that seeks to be invisible except when it needs to propagate a version of the truth and to bolster the impact of its
armed operations. In the case of the truth, remarkably little deception is deployed. The revolutionaries consider their faith
to be inviolate and convincing, without need of apology or equivocation. Reality is often visible. Islamic Jihad preached
the truth, the IRA hid it for two years and the Sicilian Mafia makes the hidden truth yield public respect. In operational
matters, much that takes place underground is focused on maintenance, supply and distribution, command and control, and communication
that needs to be hidden but need not otherwise be duplicitous. Secrecy apart, most operations focus on obvious targets. Strategic
deception is rare. 相似文献
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DNA profiling of biological trace evidence has been used for many years. The application of this technique specifically to the DNA profiling of earprints has not to date been thoroughly investigated. This report presents the results of 60 earprints collected from three healthy adult volunteers under controlled laboratory conditions. DNA profile analysis revealed that high levels of non-donor alleles are observed when earprints are collected for DNA profiling. The source of these non-donor alleles is investigated and the impact that their presence within the profile may have on the use of this technique is discussed. 相似文献
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