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111.
Hilary F. Byrnes Meng-Jinn Chen Brenda A. Miller Eugene Maguin 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(5):649-659
Prior studies have examined the influence of neighborhood perceptions on youth outcomes, but few studies have examined whose
report of neighborhoods, parents’ or youths,’ are most important in predicting youth outcomes. This study addresses the relative
associations of youths’ and mothers’ neighborhood perceptions with youth alcohol use and delinquency. The sample includes
499 mother-child dyads (youth age: 10 to 16 [mean=13.3; SD=2]). Structural equation modeling showed that youths’ perceived neighborhood problems were significantly associated with
their delinquency but not their alcohol use. However, mothers’ perceived neighborhood problems were not related to either
youth alcohol use or delinquency, suggesting that youths’ perceptions are better indicators of youth behavior. Youth reports
may reflect their activities in the neighborhood and their exposure to different forms of deviance, so youths’ reports would
be better indicators of exposure to neighborhood risk. Challenges for prevention are discussed.
NIAAA Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate Research Scientist at
the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley,
and the Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research
and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA. Her research interests include
psychosocial and environmental factors influencing youth
problem behaviors.
Interests are interventions for children with substance use or externalizing problems and their families.
She is currently conducting alcohol, drug and other risky behavior prevention studies that include a focus on young adults
in club settings as well as a variety of different family-based studies in different geographic regions (San Francisco Bay
Area, Alaska, Thailand).
Her work integrates both quantitative and qualitative research methods and centers on alcohol and other drug use, and related
health issues among adolescents and young adults. She is especially interested in applying theoretical models of socially
learned behaviors to populations with different cultural and social backgrounds 相似文献
112.
Coding statements of criminal suspects facilitated tests of four hypotheses about differences between behavioral cues to deception
and the incriminating potential (IP) of the topic. Information from criminal investigations corroborated the veracity of 337
brief utterances from 28 videotaped confessions. A four-point rating of topic IP measured the degree of potential threat per
utterance. Cues discriminating true vs. false comprised word/phrase repeats, speech disfluency spikes, nonverbal overdone,
and protracted headshaking. Non-lexical sounds discriminated true vs. false inthe reverse direction. Cues that distinguished
IP only comprised speech speed, gesticulation amount, nonverbal animation level, soft weak vocal and “I (or we) just” qualifier.
Adding “I don't know” to an answer discriminated both IP and true vs. false. The results supported hypothesis about differentiating
deception cues from incriminating potential cues in high-stakes interviews, and suggested that extensive research on distinctions
between stress-related cues and cues to deception would improve deception detection. 相似文献
113.
114.
A developing tenet of feminism is the need to work collaboratively in order to avoid assumptions of universality and embrace
differences between women. In this paper, Cossman and Kapur reflect upon their attempts to put this principle into practice
in research on women's rights in India. They highlight ethical dilemmas raised by their project which forced them to problematize
and challenge many of their initial assumptions about doing feminist research, particularly those of identity politics which
give primacy to women's experiences as a claim to truth. The authors affirm the importance of identity and experience, but
at the same time acknowledge the limitations of this affirmation for the development of effective methodological and political
strategies.
Osgoode Hall Law School
What I feel is radical is trying to make coalitions with people who are different from you. I feel it is radical to be dealing
with race and sex and class and sexual identity all at one time. I think that is really radical because it has never been
done before. 相似文献
115.
Power-control theory predicts gender differences in delinquency based on the level of patriarchy in the family. Tests yield mixed results, generally supporting some elements of the theory. However, because previous research does not test the theory at the family level, research does not capture within-family, as well as between-family, differences. This study, using the National Youth Survey, yields support for the use of family-level data, over individual-level data, in testing power-control theory. 相似文献
116.
Lidz Charles W. Mulvey Edward P. Hoge Steven K. Kirsch Brenda L. Monahan John Bennett Nancy S. Eisenberg Marlene Gardner William Roth Loren H. 《Law and human behavior》1997,21(4):361-376
Although the recent development of a measure for perceived coercion has led to great progress in research on coercion in psychiatric settings, there still exists no consensus on how to measure the existence of real coercive events or pressures. This article reports the development of a system for integrating chart review data and data from interviews with multiple participants in the decision for an individual to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital. The method generates a most plausible factual account (MPFA). We then compare this account with that of patients, admitting clinicians and other collateral informants in 171 cases. Patient accounts most closely approximate the MPFA on all but one of nine dimensions related to coercion. This may be due to wider knowledge of the events surrounding the admission. 相似文献
117.
To see if unabused children with externalizing behavior disorders display more sexual behaviors and verbalizations than other children in their interactions with anatomically detailed dolls, sixteen 3- to 6-year-olds were compared with 44 nonexternalizing controls. A five-phase structured, detailed interview, and comprehensive coding of videotapes by external raters, was completed on 17 behaviors and verbalizations. As would be expected, externalizing children exhibited more overall activity than non-externalizing children. Also, externalizing children exhibited more behavioral sexual aggression during the body inventory phase, but no other differences in sexual behaviors or verbalizations occurred. Results suggest that most normative data on AD dolls generalize to externalizing children. 相似文献
118.
This study examined the impact of acceptability of violence on dating violence victimization, relationship satisfaction, and
relationship commitment. A survey administered to a sample of 155 male and 417 female college students showed that relationship
satisfaction was significantly associated with relationship commitment, but that dating violence victimization was not. Moreover,
acceptability of violence emerged as a significant moderator of the relationship between satisfaction and commitment in dating
relationships when gender differences were assessed. Discussion of these findings and future research are included.
相似文献
Shelby A. KauraEmail: |
119.
Protective and risk factors associated with rates of early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors for a sample of low-income
adolescent boys were examined using bioecological theory framed by a resiliency perspective. Protective processes examined
include a close mother–son and father–son relationship, parental monitoring and family routines, as well as the adolescent
boy’s academic achievement, expectations, and school recognition. The risk factors assessed were delinquent behaviors, if
the adolescent was born to a teenage mother, family structure, monthly family income, risky neighborhood environments, family
of origin welfare receipt, and maternal education. Waves one (1999) and two (2001) of Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study were used (N = 528; Wave 1 ages 10–14 years). Associations between early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors with individual, family,
school, and neighborhood protective and risk factors were addressed through a series of d-probit and Ordinary Least Squares
multiple regression techniques. When protective and risk factors were addressed independently, academic achievement and parental
monitoring protected adolescent boys from early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors while drug and alcohol use and school
problems placed them at risk for these behaviors. However, when the model is assessed together, early parental monitoring
and academic achievement were shown to protect boys’ early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors by reducing their delinquent
behaviors, specifically early drug and alcohol use and school problems.
相似文献
Brenda J. LohmanEmail: |
120.
Brenda Morton 《Child & Youth Services》2013,34(3):205-225
The safety of foster children and youth is the primary concern of the U.S. Department of Human Services. Yet, not all certified foster care homes offer the safety children need. This article reports the findings of a phenomenological study of foster youth reporting maltreatment occurring at the hands of foster parents. With a scarcity of studies on the abuse occurring at the hands of foster care providers, this study offers an important glimpse into the realities of life in care. Through in-depth interviews, this study reveals the harm perpetrated by foster care providers and the probable connection between maltreatment in care and barriers to academic achievement. 相似文献