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Deeanna M. Button 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2008,33(1):130-147
Social disorganization theory asserts that neighborhood composition affects levels of violence within the community. The purpose
of this article is to analyze the bivariate effects of social disorganization, crime, and collective efficacy, in addition
to the individual factors of gender, race, and a history of child maltreatment, on the acceptance of using violence within
the family. Data from the Norfolk Police Department (2000–2004), 2000 Census, and 2006 Norfolk Residents’ Attitudes about
Crime Survey were used to determine differences in approval of family violence. Results indicated that approval for family
violence is an individual-level phenomenon as well as a community-level occurrence. Various aspects of family violence elicit
different levels of tolerance by both micro- and macro-level characteristics. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
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Mark Button Les Johnston Kwabena Frimpong Geoff Smith 《International Journal of the Sociology of Law》2007,35(4):192-208
Fraud and corruption in the public sector have become issues of increasing importance for the government in the United Kingdom. Numerous initiatives have emerged ranging from high profile publicity campaigns against benefit fraud and tax evasion to the establishment of specialist bodies, such as the NHS Counter Fraud and Security Management Service (NHSCFSMS). One of the most interesting developments, however, has been the emergence of the ‘counter fraud specialist (CFS)’ across central and local government, as well as the private sector. These are specially trained civilian personnel who are tasked to prevent, investigate and secure sanctions against fraudsters. They undertake common training packages and are accredited by the Counter Fraud Professional Accreditation Board (CFPAB). This paper first outlines the emergence of the CFS; then draws upon the results of recent survey data to discuss some of their characteristics. The paper also considers some of the main issues raised by the growth of the CFS including the possible emergence of an embryonic ‘fraud police’, the indirect ‘load shedding’ of fraud investigation and the governance of this new breed of policing personnel. 相似文献
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The Boston Gun Project is a problem-solving policing initiativeaimed at reducing homicide victimization among young peoplein the city of Boston. It represented an innovative partnershipbetween researchers and practitioners to assess the city's youthhomicide problem and implement an intervention intended to havepowerful impacts in the near term. In early 1996, a workinggroup representing a variety of law enforcement and social serviceagencies implemented an intervention that strategically respondedto gang violence, focused enforcement efforts on gun trafficking,and emphasized communication of the strategy to generate deterrence.The intervention is associated with a 60% decline in youth homicidevictimization (i.e., two fewer victims per month). There aresmaller declines in other measures of violence. The declinein youth homicide is sharp and occurs coincident with the introductionof the intervention. Competing hypotheses appear unable to accountfor the decline. 相似文献
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High Risk Behaviors Among Victims of Sibling Violence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Despite the fact that sibling abuse has been documented as the most common form of intrafamilial abuse, it has been largely
overlooked. Using data from the 2007 Delaware Secondary School Student Survey (N = 8,122), this paper focuses on four objectives: to estimate prevalence of sibling abuse, examine the relationship between
sibling violence and high risk behaviors such as substance use, delinquency and aggression, explore the interplay of sibling
abuse and other forms of family violence in predicting high risk behaviors, and test theory. Results suggest that sibling
violence occurs more frequently than other forms of child abuse. Results also confirm that sibling violence is significantly
related to substance use, delinquency, and aggression. These effects remain significant after controlling for other forms
of family violence. The data suggest support for feminist theory and social learning theory. 相似文献
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要实现东亚区域合作,推动东亚共同体的建设,解决东亚区域合作进程中存在的现实难题,当务之急需要处理好以下几个方面的问题:一是美国因素,即美国对东亚区域合作的态度与东亚对美国在区域合作中态度的看法;二是领导权,即必须要有一个坚强的领导核心推进东亚区域合作;三是互信原则的确立,东亚各国必须建立互信关系,尤其是东亚地区大国之间的相互信任:四是“低级政治与高级政治并行发展”,经济合作与政治安全合作同步进行。 相似文献
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Payne BK Button DM 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2009,53(5):517-534
Researchers suggest that violence prevention requires community-wide efforts and partnerships that demonstrate commitment to youth development. Missing from this research, however, are studies considering how these partnerships are formed and how members of various groups involved in these partnerships perceive youth violence prevention. This study sought to fill this void. A series of seven focus group interviews were conducted with 85 stakeholders involved in developing a youth violence prevention plan in one community. Results suggest that the stakeholders were optimistic about developing violence prevention strategies and forging partnerships between various groups. Participants pointed to specific themes that provide a framework for understanding youth violence prevention planning efforts. Implications are provided. 相似文献
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Mark Button 《国际比较与应用刑事审判杂志》2017,41(4):245-257
ABSTRACTThe European private security sector has grown from a handful of small companies at the end of the Second World War into a multibillion Euro industry with thousands of firms and millions of security staff. In Europe, the demands for security is not just expressed notionally but also officially in The European Agenda on Security stating the European Union (EU) aims to ensure that people live in an area of freedom, security, and justice. This article will begin by exploring the role of private security in society. It will then move on to consider the main phases in the development of private security regulation in Europe. Following on from this, some of the main areas of policy development will be considered, such as European bodies, initiatives, and standards. Finally, the article will explore some of the potential options for the future in better regulating the European private security sector. From a historical perspective, the evolution of private security regulation can be divided into three phases: the laissez-faire, the centrifugal, and the centripetal era – each with its own distinct characteristics and impact on the concurrent industry. In the EU where there is the legal framework for the development of a single market in services, the key social partners have been at the forefront of developing a series of standards and guidance documents which promote standards across borders at the European level. However, the institutions of the EU have been reluctant to intervene at a European level in setting minimum standards of private security regulation. Thus, the changing terrain of the EU relating to security, regulation, and the private security industry means the current trajectory may be in need of an injection of more radical thought and consideration. 相似文献