Anticipatory refusals and the action of 'wrongful living'

After years of debate, opinion among bioethicists and medical lawyers seems to have accepted that anticipatory refusals of medical treatment can, and furthermore should, be accorded the same legal status as contemporaneous refusals. But what would be the legal repercussions for a medic who treated an incompetent patient in contravention of such a directive? What remedies would be available to the claimant whose life had been extended contrary to his express wishes? This issue has never been explicitly addressed by the UK courts, but this paper looks at some of the conclusions and inferences we can perhaps draw from other, possible analogous areas of law. It also considers several North American cases that have addressed this issue, and asks what lessons we can learn therefrom.     

Genetic enhancement technologies and the new society

So long as procreation continues to remain a central driving force in a marital relationship, and the family the very core of progressive society, efforts will be undertaken to expand the period of fecundity and combat infertility. Genetic planning and eugenic programming are more rational and humane alternatives to population regulation than death by famine and war. Genetic enhancement technologies and the scientific research undertaken to advance them should be viewed as not only aiding (or, sometimes resolving) the tragedy of infertility in family planning, but as a tool for enhancing the health of a Nation's citizens by engineering man's genetic weaknesses out of the line of inheritance. Put simply, healthier and genetically sound individuals have a much better opportunity for pursuing and achieving the "good life" and making a significant contribution to society's greater well being.     

应用40Hz听觉相关电位与听性脑干反应评估听阈

对 42例 74耳（正常听力组 32耳,检案中主诉听力下降 42耳）分别进行纯音测定,声导抗测定,听性脑干反应 (Auditory Brainstem Response,ABR)及 0.5～ 2kHz范围的 40Hz听觉相关电位 (40Hertz Auditory Event－ related Potential,40Hz AERP)测定,对其中 20耳进行睡眠及清醒两种状态的 40Hz AERP测定。将纯音听阈、 40Hz AERP反应阈、 ABR反应阈三者之间进行比较分析。结果表明,正常听力耳 40Hz AERP反应阈值较纯音测听阈值高,在不同频率的校正值 (差值 )不同, 0.5 kHz为 12.7± 6.4(dBnHL); 1kHz为 14.7± 6.3(dBnHL); 2 kHz为 15± 5.6(dBnHL)。 ABR阈值比行为听阈高,校正值为 8.9± 5.3(dBnHL)。睡眠状态时 40Hz AERP阈值较清醒状态阈值高,校正值为 9.7± 2.45(dBnHL)。检案中主诉听力下降者主、客观语音频率均值之间明显不相符 ,误差率为 61％。本研究表明单纯使用 ABR、纯音测听中任何一种方法估计语音频率听阈均有一定的误差。     

病毒性心肌炎心肌碱性成纤维生长因子的实验研究

用 8只小鼠接种柯萨奇 B3病毒（ Coxsackie B3 viral CVB3）,形成病毒性心肌炎动物模型。用免疫组织化学方法对心肌碱性成纤维生长因子（ basic Fibroblast Growth Factor:bFGF）的变化进行了研究。目的是观察 CVB3对心肌的损害。结果发现小鼠感染病毒第 3天病变心肌中即有 bFGF阳性表达,并且随病程的延长其阳性程度随之增加。常规 HE染色通常在感染病毒 5天后才出现明显的镜下改变。本研究提示 bFGF可以为病毒性心肌炎早期轻微病变的判定提供帮助。     

Youth and the transition to adult status: Uganda

This paper examines the transition to adult status in four ethnic groups in Uganda, including one with circumcision and one with age-sets. The formal status hierarchies and the recognized points of transition are described. Then the variations from these norms are examined to show that when one functionally becomes an adult may differ from the stated points of transition.Presented at the Nabugabo Conference, March 21–24, 1971, Methods and Problems and Strategies of Field Work, Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.Research Fellow, Sociology, Makerere Institute of Social Research, and Assistant Professor, Harvard University.     

Collecting Africana

"To add a library to a house, is to give that house a soul."