日本政界的"新国防族"

进入21世纪以来,日本国家安全战略出现了一系列重大调整,直接冲击日本战后50年来"专守防卫"的政策原则。在日本政坛的这一演变进程中,一批被称为"新国防族"的新一代政治家迅速崛起并逐步进入权力中枢。在可预见的将来,"新国防族"推动日本政治右倾保守化的趋势难以逆转,同时也会遭遇日本国内外各种力量的约束。     

Effectiveness of Programs to Prevent School Bullying

Sixteen major evaluations of programs to prevent school bullying, conducted in 11 different countries, are reviewed in detail. Of these 16 evaluations, 8 produced desirable results, 2 produced mixed results, 4 produced small or negligible effects, and 2 produced undesirable results. These varying findings may reflect variations in programs, in implementation, in assessment methods, or in evaluation designs. It is concluded that high-quality evaluations are needed in the future, with randomized designs, theoretically grounded interventions, multiple measures of bullying, and attempts to disentangle the effectiveness of different program components.     

DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? A CONTROLLED STUDY OF SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF CRIME CONTROL BENEFITS*

Recent studies point to the potential theoretical and practical benefits of focusing police resources on crime hot spots. However, many scholars have noted that such approaches risk displacing crime or disorder to other places where programs are not in place. Although much attention has been paid to the idea of displacement, methodological problems associated with measuring it have often been overlooked. We try to fill these gaps in measurement and understanding of displacement and the related phenomenon of diffusion of crime control benefits. Our main focus is on immediate spatial displacement or diffusion of crime to areas near the targeted sites of an intervention. Do focused crime prevention efforts at places simply result in a movement of offenders to areas nearby targeted sites—“do they simply move crime around the corner”? Or, conversely, will a crime prevention effort focusing on specific places lead to improvement in areas nearby—what has come to be termed a diffusion of crime control benefits? Our data are drawn from a controlled study of displacement and diffusion in Jersey City, New Jersey. Two sites with substantial street‐level crime and disorder were targeted and carefully monitored during an experimental period. Two neighboring areas were selected as “catchment areas” from which to assess immediate spatial displacement or diffusion. Intensive police interventions were applied to each target site but not to the catchment areas. More than 6,000 20‐minute social observations were conducted in the target and catchment areas. They were supplemented by interviews and ethnographic field observations. Our findings indicate that, at least for crime markets involving drugs and prostitution, crime does not simply move around the corner. Indeed, this study supports the position that the most likely outcome of such focused crime prevention efforts is a diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas.     

试论民间法的司法进入

法律的存在应该回应社会的需求,因此,国家不应忽视在社会中起实际调整作用的民间法。民间法具有地域性、非正式性和内生性等特点,它的特点决定了民间法进入国家法的最好途径是司法途径。当然这种进入不是无条件的,它要求能够作为法源的民间法要具有普遍性、延续性、适时性、合理性、可诉性和权利义务性。     

¡Que se Vayan Todos! Popular Insurrection and the Asambleas Barriales in Argentina

In December 2001, Argentina experienced a decisive crisis. A financial collapse accelerated by the massive flight of capital and the IMF denial of a new loan was followed by a popular insurrection which, by putting forward the slogan ¡ que se vayan todos, que no quede ni uno solo ! forced the resignation of national authorities. Whilst Duhalde's provisional government is negotiating the conditions for international financial support, faced with inflation and the rise of the dollar exchange rate, social mobilisation is expanding in new forms. This paper argues that the popular insurrection of December 2001 opened a space for the reinvention of the political as negative politics, the asambleas barriales constituting one example of this.     

美国知识产权保险制度管窥

美国的知识产权保险分为知识产权执行保险(IPEnforcementInsurance)和知识产权侵权保险(IPInfringementInsurance)。该保险所保护的主体范围非常广泛,既包括潜在的侵权人,也包括潜在的受害人。虽然知识产权保险制度具有许多优点,但缔结保险合同的保费过高,同时由于大企业的拖延战术,也大大地削弱了该制度的功效。因此,我国企业在知识产权诉讼中,应当充分重视和解与诉讼中间裁决的作用,采取正确的措施渡过难关。     

关于县（市、区）司法局和司法所职能、机构、人员编制配置问题的初步思考

伴随着我国改革开放和经济社会发展的历史进程,作为我国基层政权和政法组织体系重要组成部分的县(市、区)司法局和司法所逐步组建起来,其工作职能不断充实和强化、机构设置进一步规范、人员编制逐步增加,在推进基层民主法制建设、维护群众切身利益、保障经济社会发展方面的重要