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Carol Harrington 《Economy and Society》2013,42(3):346-380
Abstract The surprising authority of gender expertise on sexual violence within post-Cold War peacekeeping can be understood by tracing how sexual violence became linked with political torture and combat violence in peacekeeping security rationality. The linkage emerged from the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) theory within anti-Vietnam war activism, which gained international authority during the 1980s. Post-Cold War narratives of ‘multi-dimensional’ peacekeeping as the policing and rehabilitation of perpetrators and victims for self-government drew on PTSD expertise on ‘integrity violations’, thus problematizing sexual violence. However, gender expertise should not be dismissed as providing ideological cover for imperialist projects: the contingent authority gender expertise has claimed has disrupted the peacekeeping narrative by representing peacekeeping operations as fostering flourishing sex industries in which integrity violations are a norm. 相似文献
313.
A significant proportion of survivors of rape do not utilize formal services to cope with the aftermath of rape. Understanding victimization experiences in environments that differ on resources, such as rural versus urban areas, may be an important dimension to consider in understanding barriers. Thirty women (18 rural and 12 urban) were recruited from rape crisis centers to participate in focus groups. Study results suggest that (a) survivors of rape experience many barriers to service utilization, (b) there were some differences in barriers to service utilization that were mentioned only in rural areas and some that were mentioned only in urban areas that may suggest that community context is important to consider in understanding barriers to service use, and (c) barriers to health and mental health services overlap with barriers to criminal justice system services. 相似文献
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Carol Veneziano 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1984,8(2):214-231
Stress is clearly a part of the human condition, especially in today’s crowded and complex society. In the criminal justice
system in particular, occupational stress can be seen to be a problem for its employees. The present study examined aspects
of stress for the line correctional officer, utilizing a number of approaches. Situations perceived as stressful were identified
by interviews conducted with correctional officers. Information was then gathered by interviewing a second sample as to the
types of coping responses available to correctional officers in these situations. The results indicated that officers reported
periodic work overload, the handling of promotions, and conflicts with supervisors and initiates to be the most stressful
situations. Correctional officers also indicated that in most of the stressful situations generated, there were few coping
responses available to them, and that they had little or no control over these situations. Since most of the situations presented
to correctional officers resulted in no constructive coping responses, the hypothesis was advanced that correctional officers
who stay on the job develop cognitive coping processes in order to handle stressful situations. Furthermore, correctional
officers tended to deny the stresses of the occupation and consequently experience feelings of helplessness and alienation. 相似文献
320.
In this paper a direct comparison is made between the cognitive content of ideological and partisan belief systems. A quasi-experimental design was used in a two-part study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a partisan or ideological condition and asked to categorize and then scale contemporary leaders, groups, and issues as either Democrat or Republican, liberal or conservative. Results indicate that the meanings of partisan and ideological belief systems are quite similar — their cognitive attributes (issues, groups, and leaders) are interchangeable at the categorical level and highly correlated (r=0.86) in their degree of typicality. Political sophistication is determined to contribute significantly to the degree to which partisan and ideological belief systems are related. For politically sophisticated subjects (Ss) the two belief systems are highly related (r=0.90), whereas for low sophisticates, the belief systems are only moderately related (r=0.50). Sophistication also plays an important role in structuring Ss' own issue preferences. High sophisticates in both the liberal-conservative and Democratic-Republican conditions exhibit a greater level of issue constraint, which can be interpreted as either ideological or partisan constraint.Paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 1983. 相似文献