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111.
"Congressional foreign policy entrepreneurs" are those legislators who initiate their own foreign policy agendas. These individuals seek to frame policy discussions and mobilize public and interest group interest; to direct congressional agendas toward specific foreign policy issues; to structure and influence the formulation of foreign policies by the executive branch; to revise, refocus, or reformulate foreign policies; to generate alternative and replacement foreign policies; and to fill policy vacuums with their own preferred foreign policies. This paper examines the evolution and impact of such entrepreneurs across the periods of the Cold War Consensus (1946–1967), the Cold War Dissensus (1968–1989), and the Post-Cold War (1990–2000). The paper first provides an overview of the concept of foreign policy entrepreneurs. It then turns to case studies of entrepreneurial initiatives from three prolific entrepreneurs whose careers span the post-World War II era: Senators Jacob Javits, Edward Kennedy, and Christopher Dodd. Together, the overview and cases shed light on the different avenues and activities that entrepreneurs use to address their preferred issues and the impact entrepreneurs have on policy, as well as highlight changes in both over time. 相似文献
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113.
Utilizing survey data collected from 127 male Bosnian police officers, this study examines the impact attitudes toward women, individual characteristics, and work experiences have on officers’ perceptions of their female colleagues. It is hypothesized that officers who hold more traditional, patriarchal attitudes toward women will view females as incapable of effectively carrying out police work, regardless of their own work experiences, or demographic characteristics. Results suggest that a majority of Bosnian policemen believe that women are equally as effective as men in all aspects of policing, however, many still cling to stereotypical views of policing and continue to view female officers negatively. 相似文献
114.
Edward L. Carter 《Communication Law & Policy》2017,22(4):399-426
International law took a significant step in recent years toward protection of journalists' sources and newsgathering processes. The international law journalistic privilege previously had been upheld by international tribunals, but it was not until 2011 that the United Nations Human Rights Committee adopted an interpretation of freedom of expression that included journalistic privilege. The presence of the privilege within freedom of expression, as recognized in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, is important for several reasons. As part of freedom of expression, the privilege may not be overcome without a showing of necessity and proportionality, is not subject to a margin of appreciation, and is entitled to full realization by the 168 nations that have signed and ratified ICCPR. 相似文献
115.
Carter R Caldwell CH Matusko N Antonucci T Jackson JS 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(10):1394-1406
An accumulation of research evidence suggests that early pubertal timing plays a significant role in girls’ behavioral and
emotional problems. If early pubertal timing is a problematic event, then early developing Black girls should manifest evidence
of this crisis because they tend to be the earliest to develop compared to other girls from different racial and ethnic groups.
Given the inconsistent findings among studies using samples of Black girls, the present study examined the independent influence
of perceived pubertal timing and age of menarche on externalizing behaviors and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative
sample of Black girls (412 African American and 195 Caribbean Black; M = 15 years). Path analysis results indicated that perceived pubertal timing effects on externalizing behaviors were moderated
by ethnic subgroup. Caribbean Black girls’ who perceived their development to be early engaged in more externalizing behaviors
than Caribbean Black girls’ who perceived their development to be either on-time or late. Age of menarche did not significantly
predict Black girls’ externalizing behaviors and depressive symptoms. The onset of menarche does not appear to be an important
predictor of Black girls’ symptoms of externalizing behavior and depression. These findings suggest ethnic subgroup and perceived
pubertal timing are promising factors for better understanding the adverse effects of early perceived pubertal timing among
Black girls. 相似文献
116.
Se Jin Song Ph.D Nicholas Harrison M.F.S. Rob Knight Ph.D. David O. Carter Ph.D. Christopher B. Happy M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(3):791-798
Microbes can be used effectively as trace evidence, at least in research settings. However, it is unknown whether skin microbiomes change prior to autopsy and, if so, whether these changes interfere with linking objects to decedents. The current study included microbiomes from 16 scenes of death in the City and County of Honolulu and tested whether objects at the scenes can be linked to individual decedents. Postmortem skin microbiomes were stable during repeated sampling up to 60 h postmortem and were similar to microbiomes of an antemortem population. Objects could be traced to decedents approximately 75% of the time, with smoking pipes and medical devices being especially accurate (100% match), house and car keys being poor (0%), and other objects like phones intermediate (~80%). These results show that microbes from objects at death scenes can be matched to individual decedents, opening up a new method of establishing associations and identifications. 相似文献
117.
David O. Carter Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(5):1412-1420
Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) carcasses were decomposed on the soil surface of a terrestrial habitat on the island of Oahu, Hawaii to begin characterizing the decomposer community. Results showed that carcasses can decompose rapidly on Oahu, primarily due to the activity of fly larvae, with ~80% of mass lost by 8 days (~220 ADD) postmortem. Scavenging was conducted exclusively by the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), first feeding on larvae then feeding on the remains. Carcasses were habitats of warm temperature, little to no oxygen, slightly acidic/neutral pH, and high sodium concentration. Larval masses selected for a microbial community comprised of multiple bacterial taxa from phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, particularly genera Clostridium, Proteus, and Providencia. These larval masses were well established from 3 to 8 days (~90 to ~220 ADD) postmortem. These data provide helpful, novel insight into the structure and activity of carcass decomposer communities on Oahu. 相似文献
118.
Lucy Salcido Carter 《Juvenile & family court journal》2019,70(4):77-101
Between 2000 and 2005, six sites engaged in local implementation of recommendations made in Effective Intervention in Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment: Guidelines for Policy and Practice (the Greenbook), published by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges in 1999. This three‐part article reflects recorded conversations in June and July of 2019 and captures the perspectives of five domestic violence advocates who participated in local Greenbook implementation (in El Paso County, CO; San Francisco County, CA; or Santa Clara County, CA) and their thoughts on the Greenbook work then, since then, and going forward. 相似文献
119.
Carter Hay 《犯罪学与公共政策》2018,17(1):139-145
120.