Community Development Block Grant: The Role of Federal Requirements

The CDBG program provides an excellent opportunity to studywhat local governments do to carry out national policy whenit is stated in general terms and they are left to their owndevices, and what they do differently when policy is interpretedin explicit regulations which are enforced. This article reviewswhat happened with two major legislative guidelines (low incometargeting and community participation) during the first sixyears of the CDBG program, including a period during which HUDinterpretations and enforcement varied greatly. It appears thatstrong federal enforcement caused a small increment in low incometargeting overall; but rigorous HUD direction and enforcement,combined with strong citizen participation, was necessary forsome jurisdictions to emphasize targeting. The research is pertinentin the present era of attempts toward major relaxation of federalgrant conditions and enforcement programs.     

禁止法律规避制度在中国国际私法中的地位——对《民法典草案》第九编禁止法律规避条款的思考

法律规避是国际民商事交往中一种常见的欺诈行为。在禁止法律规避的问题上,各国的国际私法理论、立法和实践各有不同的主张。在我国,现行司法解释关于禁止法律规避的规定尚不完善,拟以专编规定我国国际私法规范的民法典草案。对法律规避问题亦没有给予足够的重视。本文围绕禁止法律规避制度在中国国际私法中的地位问题,提出了禁止法律规避应当是我国国际私法中一项独立的、一般性的、非歧视性的制度的观点,并在分析《民法典草案》第九编的体例和内容的基础上,对如何完善我国国际私法中的禁止法律规避制度提出了相应的建议。     

Anti-SLAPP Legislation and Environmental Protection in the USA: An Overview of Direct and Indirect Effects

Anti-SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation) protections lead to changes in the dynamic and complex interactions between private citizens, environmental regulators and polluting entities. Direct impacts are legally significant, but if our interest is in environmental and enforcement outcomes, indirect effects are likely to be more important. Changes in perceived legal and regulatory threats impact the choices of many parties who are never involved in an actual SLAPP suit. This paper describes the expected direction and type of interactions when anti-SLAPP protections are enacted and discuss the conclusions that follow from research to date.     

医患关系与消费者-经营者关系:揭开争论的面纱

本文针对争论多年的医患关系是否是消费者-经营者关系的问题,以现行法为依据展开讨论。文章首先讨论了"医患关系"和"消费者-经营者关系"的法律含义,以确定这两个范畴间是否存在交集;接着列举并系统地辨析了持肯定观点者和持否定观点者各自的论据。之后,文章探讨了若患者是消费者,将会对患者的权利和医疗机构的义务和法律责任造成的影响;最后从法律政策的角度分析法律是否应当认可患者的消费者地位。