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721.
722.
Tyler Johnson 《Journal of Political Marketing》2018,17(3):213-234
In the wake of recent political scandals, pundits have argued that the way a politician reacts to a scandal can make or break said politician's relationship with constituents and future in elected office. Some politicians concede guilt immediately, apologize, promise to take corrective action, and possibly open the door to moving on with their careers. Others deny culpability and attack their accusers, hoping to quickly put accusations behind them, change the subject, and channel public attention in a different direction. Does conceding guilt after a scandal breaks and offering to take corrective action to solve the problem help ameliorate the issue, or does it push the public away even further? Does denying involvement in a scandal and attacking the accuser compound the problem, or can it evoke positive feelings? This research uses an experimental design to test individuals’ reactions to how politicians act after being accused of a personal scandal (in this case, an inappropriate relationship with a staffer). Results illustrate that a strategy involving denial and attacking accusers can spur positive evaluations of who a politician is and what that politician will do in the future, while the performance of conceding and taking corrective action is mixed at best. 相似文献
723.
AbstractThis special collection examines the claim that microfinance promotes gender equality. The focus is on three areas of the debate: first, the question of how successful microfinance has been in empowering women; second, whether and how negative gender discrimination operates within the sector; third, how power relations within and beyond the household shape the context and outcomes of microfinance initiatives. The papers in this collection demonstrate the divergence of circumstances and emphasise the need to go beyond the past searches for a simple narrative regarding the impact of microfinance. Rather, as the sector evolves and is incorporated into the mainstream financial system, the challenge ahead for researchers is to marshal the evidence on gendered dynamics to ensure that the gains made are built on through deeper understanding of why impact outcomes and processes differ and use this to inform new initiatives to further gender equality. 相似文献
724.
Wiebke Schulz Reinhard Schunck Martin Diewald Wendy Johnson 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2017,46(10):2194-2214
Educational attainment in adolescence is of paramount importance for attaining higher education and for shaping subsequent life chances. Sociological accounts focus on the role of differences in socioeconomic resources in intergenerational reproduction of educational inequalities. These often disregard the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability and the importance of children’s cognitive ability to educational attainment. Psychological perspectives stress the importance of cognitive ability for educational attainment but underemphasize potentially different roles of specific socioeconomic resources in shaping educational outcomes, as well as individual differences in cognitive ability. By integrating two strands of research, a clearer picture of the pathways linking the family of origin, cognitive ability, and early educational outcomes can be reached. Using the population-based TwinLife study in Germany, we investigated multidimensional pathways linking parental socioeconomic position to their children’s cognitive ability and academic track attendance in the secondary school. The sample included twins (N?=?4008), respectively ages 11 and 17, and siblings (N?=?801). We observed strong genetic influences on cognitive ability, whereas shared environmental influences were much more important for academic tracking. In multilevel analyses, separate dimensions of socioeconomic resources influenced child cognitive ability, controlling parental cognitive ability. Controlling adolescent cognitive ability and parental cognitive ability, parental socioeconomic resources also directly affected track attendance. This indicated that it is crucial to investigate the intertwined influences on educational outcomes in adolescence of both cognitive ability and the characteristics of the family of origin. 相似文献
725.
James Johnson 《The Pacific Review》2017,30(3):271-288
Washington has become increasingly concerned that Beijing's anti-access area-denial (A2-AD) capabilities will put at risk US military assets and forward forces operating in the Western Pacific region, enabling China to deter, delay and deny US intervention in future regional conflict and crisis. US defence analysts in their assessments have frequently, and often erroneously, conflated a Chinese operational capability with an underlying strategic intention that conceptualises the United States as its primary (if not sole) target. The central argument this article proffers is that US perceptions of A2-AD have been framed by specific analytical baselines that have overlooked the evolution of Chinese operational and doctrinal preferences, and over-reliant upon military material-based assessments to determine Beijing's strategic intentions, and formulate US military countervails. The article concludes that the strategic ambiguities and opacity associated with Chinese A2-AD capabilities and its ‘active defence’ concept reinforced Washington's reliance upon capacity-based assessments that in turn, exacerbated misperceptions confounded by cognitive bias of Chinese strategic intentions. The critical framing assumptions of this article draw heavily upon the ideas and rationale associated with the international relations ‘Security Dilemma’ concept. 相似文献
726.
727.
T Karlsmark L Danielsen H K Thomsen E Johnson O Aalund K G Nielsen O Nielsen I K Genefke 《Forensic science international》1988,39(3):235-243
In order to describe the ultrastructure of the histopathological changes in dermis after exposure to electrical energy, heat energy and acid and basic solutions the skin of fully anaesthetized Danish Landrace pigs were exposed to direct current, heat (80 degrees C and 450 degrees C) and acid and basic solutions. Biopsies were obtained immediately after the exposure from all types of injury. Biopsies from the cathode areas biopsies were also taken on day 1 and day 2.5 in order to describe the initial calcium deposits. Homogeneous collagen fibres without any birefringence from heat exposed areas were ultrastructurally composed of filamentous materials. Collagen fibres with fine densely spaced cross-striation from cathode areas and areas exposed to basic solutions were shown ultrastructurally to consist of parallelly arranged collagen fibrils with regular waves. It is concluded that the cross-striation of the collagen fibres observed in polarized light are due to a periodic change in the orientation of the fibres seen as waves of the fibres. The ultrastructure of dermal cells were similar to that of epidermal cells following the different types of influence. Characteristically the nuclei were condensed following heat and more electron-lucent following direct current (d.c.) and acid and basic solutions. In cathode areas and areas influenced by basic solutions the electron-lucent nuclei contained fine fibrils. The ultrastructural study supports the suggestion from light microscopic studies that the morphology of anode and cathode lesions shows resemblance to acid induced and basic induced lesions, respectively. Apatite crystals were observed on day 2.5 at the periphery of the collagen fibrils and in the matrix of elastic fibres. 相似文献
728.
729.
Dominic Johnson 《Women & Performance》2013,23(1):3-4
Jack Smith is an artist on the margins of official narratives of art of the 1960s. This essay attempts to read his works as a means of questioning the challenges posed to normative readings of the work of culture, by presenting ideas about queer performance. Smith's almost hysterical identification with Maria Montez, a 1940s film siren, is privileged in my reading. Her key film, Cobra woman, turns on the image of a wound that will not heal. In this essay, I read the wound as signaling the breaches in our attempts at full communication, and compare this state of being to the idiosyncratic form of the camp effect, which functions as a kind of hieroglyph, or broken sign. Read through Maria Montez, the ‘failures’ of Smith's practice are explored in order to invogorate the seemingly exhausted discourse on camp, as well as to pose a critique of the ways in which certain bodies are failed by dominant culture. 相似文献
730.
Imani Kai Johnson 《Women & Performance》2014,24(1):15-28
This article introduces the concept of badass femininity, a marginalized femininity captured in the performances of contemporary b-girls (women breakdancers) and blues women of the 1920s. The author uses the work of Hortense Spillers, Maria Lugones, Chela Sandoval, and Angela Davis to argue that non-normative gender performances from the fringes of society are necessary consequence of histories of enslavement, genocide, and exploitation. Badass femininity is a one version of a multiplicity of femininities. It re-signifies qualities typically associated with masculinity through women whose work in dance and music move these gender performances from the margins to center stage. 相似文献